一、“一对多”环境搭建
文章目录
1、建模块,导入依赖。pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>MybatisStudy</artifactId>
<groupId>com.mybatis.tan</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>Mybatis-06</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok插件-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.20</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入mysql驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.21</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.resource目录下配置文件
2.1、mybatis-config.xml
配置mybatis核心配置文件(数据源)。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!-- 引入外部配置文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties">
<!-- 外面配置了里面还可以继续设置-->
<property name="username" value="root"/>
</properties>
<!-- 标准日志输出-->
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
<!-- 给类型起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.tan.pojo.Teacher" alias="teacher"/>
<typeAlias type="com.tan.pojo.Student" alias="student"/>
</typeAliases>
<!-- 配置数据源-->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<!-- <mapper class="com.tan.dao.UserMapper"/>-->
<!-- 通配注册,这个搜索到resource,目录下的resource/com/tan/dao/*Mapper.xml-->
<!-- <mapper resource="\com\tan\dao\*.xml"/>-->
<mapper class="com.tan.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.tan.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
2.2、db.properties
数据库配置文件。
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
username=root
password=******
2.3、log4j.properties
日志获取和打印配置文件。
# priority :debug<info<warn<error
#you cannot specify every priority with different file for log4j
log4j.rootLogger=debug,stdout,info,debug,warn,error
#console
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern= [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a}]:%p %l%m%n
#info log
log4j.logger.info=info
log4j.appender.info=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.info.DatePattern='_'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.info.File=./src/com/hp/log/info.log
log4j.appender.info.Append=true
log4j.appender.info.Threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.info.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.info.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a} [Thread: %t][ Class:%c >> Method: %l ]%n%p:%m%n
#debug log
log4j.logger.debug=debug
log4j.appender.debug=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.debug.DatePattern='_'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.debug.File=./src/com/hp/log/debug.log
log4j.appender.debug.Append=true
log4j.appender.debug.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.debug.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.debug.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a} [Thread: %t][ Class:%c >> Method: %l ]%n%p:%m%n
#warn log
log4j.logger.warn=warn
log4j.appender.warn=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.warn.DatePattern='_'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.warn.File=./src/com/hp/log/warn.log
log4j.appender.warn.Append=true
log4j.appender.warn.Threshold=WARN
log4j.appender.warn.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.warn.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a} [Thread: %t][ Class:%c >> Method: %l ]%n%p:%m%n
#error
log4j.logger.error=error
log4j.appender.error = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.error.DatePattern='_'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.error.File = ./src/com/hp/log/error.log
log4j.appender.error.Append = true
log4j.appender.error.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.error.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.error.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a} [Thread: %t][ Class:%c >> Method: %l ]%n%p:%m%n
3、映射接口
3.1、StudentMapper
package com.tan.dao;
import com.tan.pojo.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {
//查询所有学生的信息,以及对应的老师的信息
public List<Student> getStudent();
public List<Student> getStudent2();
}
3.2、TeacherMapper
package com.tan.dao;
import com.tan.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
public interface TeacherMapper {
@Select("select * from teacher where id=#{tid}")
Teacher getTeacherById(@Param("tid") int id);
}
3.3、TeacherMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.tan.dao.TeacherMapper">
<select id="getTeacherById1" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher
</select>
<!-- 一对多:按查询结果,映射结果集-->
<select id="getTeacherStudents1" resultMap="TeacherStudents">
select t.id id ,t.NAME tname,s.id sid,s.NAME sname,s.tid stid
from teacher t,student s
where t.id=s.tid and t.id=#{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudents" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="tid" column="stid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 一对多:子查询,映射结果集-->
<select id="getTeacherStudents2" resultMap="TeacherStudents2">
select * from teacher where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudents2" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<!-- column="id" 这个id是查出来的老师id,传递给学生子查询,查询学生的tid -->
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudent" column="id">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="tid" column="tid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudent" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
4、实体类
4.1、Student.java
package com.tan.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
4.2、teacher.java
package com.tan.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
private List<Student> studentList;
}
5、MybatisUtils.java。数据库连接工具类
package com.tan.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
//工具类sqlSessionFactory -->sqlSession
public class MybatisUtils {
//提升作用域
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//创建mybatis的工厂,初始化mybatis的配置。
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//SqlSessionFactory创建的SqlSession实例,这个实例有更新SQL数据库的所有方法。openSession设置为true会直接自动提交事务。
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
/*SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
return sqlSession;*/
}
}
6、TestGetTeacher.java。测试类
package com.tan.dao;
import com.tan.pojo.Student;
import com.tan.pojo.Teacher;
import com.tan.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class TestGetTeacher {
@Test
public void getTeacher(){
SqlSession sqlSession =MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper teacherMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher=teacherMapper.getTeacherById(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getStudent(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> student =studentMapper.getStudent();
for (Student students : student) {
System.out.println(students);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getStudent2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> student =studentMapper.getStudent2();
for (Student students : student) {
System.out.println(students);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
}
7、总结
1、关联 - association [多对一]
2、集合 - collection [一对多]
3、javaType & ofType
1)、JavaType 用来指定实体类中属性的类型。
2)、用来指定映射到List或者集合中的POJO类型,泛型中的约束类型。如:ofType=“Student”
List<Student> student;
注意点:
· 保证sql的可读性,尽量通俗易懂!
· 注意一对多和一对多属性名和字段问题
· 如果问题不好排查,可以使用日志,建议使用Log4j
面试高频:
· Mysql引擎
· InnoDB底层原理
· 索引
· 索引优化
demo仓库地址(mybatis_06):https://gitee.com/tanzheng0930/MybatisStudy/tree/master/