1.服务熔断
服务熔断的作用类似于我们家用的保险丝,当某服务出现不可用或响应超时的情况时,为了防止整个系统出现雪崩,暂时停止对该服务的调用。
2.服务降级
服务降级是从整个系统的负荷情况出发和考虑的,对某些负荷会比较高的情况,为了预防某些功能(业务场景)出现负荷过载或者响应慢的情况,在其内部暂时舍弃对一些非核心的接口和数据的请求,而直接返回一个提前准备好的fallback(退路)错误处理信息。这样,虽然提供的是一个有损的服务,但却保证了整个系统的稳定性和可用性。
3.使用Hystrix服务的熔断,加在被调用的服务中(book)
修改book
3.1 导入依赖
<!-- Hystrix 依赖 熔断降级-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.2 修改启动类,加@EnableCircuitBreaker注解,标注当前工程开启熔断器
@SpringBootApplication
//标注当前工程是eureka的客户端
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//标注当前工程开启熔断器
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class BookSpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(BookSpringBootApplication.class);
}
}
3.3 修改controller
标注当前接口开启熔断,如果出现问题,走HystrixCommand中的findAllFallBack方法
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “findAllFallBack”)
@RestController
public class BookController {
@Autowired
BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
//标注当前接口开启熔断,如果出现问题,走HystrixCommand中的findAllFallBack方法
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findAllFallBack")
public List<BookPojo> findAll() {
//int i=1/0;
return bookService.findAll();
}
//如果findAll出现问题,请求该方法,该方法返回值类型必须和findAll相同
public List<BookPojo> findAllFallBack(){
System.out.println("熔断。。。。。");
return null;
}
@RequestMapping("/findById")
public BookPojo findById(@RequestBody Map map){
Integer id = (Integer) map.get("id");
return bookService.findById(id);
}
@RequestMapping("/delete")
public void delete(@RequestBody Map map){
Integer id = (Integer) map.get("id");
bookService.delete(id);
}
@RequestMapping("/update")
public void update(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo){
bookService.update(bookPojo);
}
@RequestMapping("/insert")
public void insert(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo){
bookService.insert(bookPojo);
}
}
3.4 测试
当book的controller的findAll方法出现异常时,控制台直接输出 熔断。。。。。
页面会出现findAllFallBack返回的值。
4.使用Hystrix服务的降级,加在调用的服务中(user)
4.1 导入依赖Hystrix
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud_parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.wo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>user</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- eureka 客户端的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Hystrix 依赖 熔断降级-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.wo</groupId>
<artifactId>pojo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.2 修改配置文件,开启降级
server:
port: 8083
spring:
application:
name: user
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka
instance:
#标注当前工程注册时,使用ip地址的方式
prefer-ip-address: true
hostname: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}
instance-id: http://${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
ribbon:
#ribbon的读取超时时间
ReadTimeout: 5000
#ribbon的连接超时时间
ConnectTimeout: 5000
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #开启降级
4.3 修改启动类,加入@EnableHystrix,标注当前工程开启服务的降级处理
@SpringBootApplication
//标注当前工程是eureka的客户端
@EnableEurekaClient
//标注当前工程使用fegin来进行远程调用 feign 结合了ribbon 和resttemplate =>httpclient
@EnableFeignClients
//标注当前工程开启服务的降级处理
@EnableHystrix
public class UserSpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserSpringBootApplication.class);
}
}
4.4 修改BookClient,加入降级跳转的类fallback = BookFallBackMethod.class
//标注当前接口远程调用某个服务
@FeignClient(serviceId = "book",fallback = BookFallBackMethod.class)
public interface BookClient {
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public List<BookPojo> findAll();
@RequestMapping("/findById")
public BookPojo findById(@RequestBody Map map);
@RequestMapping("/delete")
public void delete(@RequestBody Map map);
@RequestMapping("/update")
public void update(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo);
@RequestMapping("/insert")
public void insert(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo);
}
4.5 新建BookFallBackMethod 实现BookClient接口,写出降级后续执行的操作
//交给Spring管理
@Component
public class BookFallBackMethod implements BookClient{
@Override
public List<BookPojo> findAll() {
System.out.println("当前方法调用不到,降级处理!");
return null;
}
@Override
public BookPojo findById(Map map) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void delete(Map map) {
}
@Override
public void update(BookPojo bookPojo) {
}
@Override
public void insert(BookPojo bookPojo) {
}
}
4.6 修改UserContoller,注入BookClient ,用它调用
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
BookClient bookClient;
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public List<BookPojo> findAll(){
return bookClient.findAll();
}
@RequestMapping("/findById")
public BookPojo findById(@RequestBody Map map){
return bookClient.findById(map);
}
@RequestMapping("/delete")
public void delete(@RequestBody Map map){
bookClient.delete(map);
}
@RequestMapping("/update")
public void update(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo){
bookClient.update(bookPojo);
}
@RequestMapping("/insert")
public void insert(@RequestBody BookPojo bookPojo){
bookClient.insert(bookPojo);
}
}
4.7 测试
当被调用的服务book关闭之后,控制台打印提示信息当 前方法调用不到,降级处理!