Java中的HashMap 【理论+案例】

• Map集合的实现类

  HashMap 【重点】：

  • JDK1.2版本，线程不安全，运行效率快；允许用null 作为Key或是value。

  • 案例

    /*
    * HashMap集合的使用
    * 存储结构：哈希表（链表+数组+红黑树）
    * */
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class HashMapTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //创建集合
            HashMap<Student, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Student, String>();
            //1.添加元素
            Student s1=new Student("张三",11);
            Student s2=new Student("李四",12);
            Student s3=new Student("王五",13);
            hashMap.put(s1,"武汉");
            hashMap.put(s2,"南京");
            hashMap.put(s3,"北京");
            hashMap.put(s3,"海南");  //Key相等的情况下 后面的会把前面的覆盖
            hashMap.put(new Student("王五",13),"海南");
            //HashMap 是根据Key的hashcode和equals作为依据判断是否重复  如果重写了Hashcode和equals 就不能添加进去了
            System.out.println("元素个数："+hashMap.size());
            System.out.println(hashMap.toString());
            //2.删除
    //        hashMap.remove(new Student("李四",12));
    //
    //        System.out.println("元素个数："+hashMap.size());
    //        System.out.println(hashMap.toString());
            //3.遍历
            System.out.println("-----------keySet--------------");
            for (Student student : hashMap.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(student.toString()+"------------"+hashMap.get(student));
            }
            System.out.println("-----------entrySet------------");
            for (Map.Entry<Student, String> stringEntry : hashMap.entrySet()) {
                //System.out.println(stringEntry);
                System.out.println(stringEntry.getKey()+"----------"+stringEntry.getValue());
            }
            //4.判断
            System.out.println(hashMap.containsKey(s1));
            System.out.println(hashMap.containsValue("海南"));
        }
    }
    
    

    实体类

    public class Student {
    
        private String name;
        private int aga;
    
        public Student(String name, int aga) {
            this.name = name;
            this.aga = aga;
        }
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public int getAga() {
            return aga;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public void setAga(int aga) {
            this.aga = aga;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", aga=" + aga +
                    '}';
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
            Student student = (Student) o;
            return aga == student.aga &&
                    Objects.equals(name, student.name);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(name, aga);
        }
    }