RabbitMQ之交换机

前言:

根据我们在RabbitMQ入门里面所了解到的,我们知道了生产端和消费端是通过队列来进行消息互通的,但其实在生产端加入队列的时候还要进行一步操作,也就是我们今天所讲的交换机。

交换机

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交换机属性:
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用

直流交换机

直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key)

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:default Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;

消费端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
//        String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());

    }
}

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主题交换机

主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上;

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic;

注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

符号:“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号:“*” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如:
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”

消费端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
//        String routingKey = "user.*";
        // 1 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

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输出交换机

输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)
不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

消费端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "";    //不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端代码

package com.dengrenli.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

/**
 * @author小科比
 * @site www.dengrenli.com
 * @company 科比公司
 * @create  2019-12-24 14:55
 */
public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.149.133");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

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Binding-绑定
Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系;
Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数

Queue-消息队列
消息队列,实际存储消息数据
Durability:是否持久化
Durable:是,Transient:否
Auto delete:如选yes,代表当最后一个监听被移除之后,该Queue会自动被删除

Message-消息
服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据
本质上就是一段数据,由Properties和Payload(Body)组成
常用属性:delivery model、headers(自定义属性)

Message-其他属性
content_type、content_encoding、priority
correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id
Timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id

Virtual host-虚拟主机
虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由
一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue
同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue

谢谢大家,多多指教!!!
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