Qt入门练习项目——TCP通讯

       通过本项目了解Qt的TCP通讯

成果图：

TCP通讯分析：

• 服务端（监听端）：通过IP和端口负责监听，进行链接。使用和了解QTcpServer类，进行监听操作。
• 客户端（链接端）：通过IP和端口和服务端链接。使用和了解QTcpSocket类。

具体代码如下：

1. 服务端

Server::Server(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
{
	ui = new Ui::ServerClass();
    ui->setupUi(this);
	this->setWindowTitle("服务端");
	sw = new SendWindow();
	sw->show();
	server = new QTcpServer();
	socket = nullprt;
	connect(ui->pb_start,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_changePort_click()));
	connect(ui->pb_send,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_send_click()));
	connect(ui->pb_close,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_close_click()));
	connect(server,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(on_linkOk_connect()));
}
void Server::on_read_readRead()
{
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("接收："+socket->readAll());
}
void Server::on_changePort_click()
{
	if (ui->le_port->text() == "")
	{
		QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","端口不能为空",QMessageBox::Ok,QMessageBox::NoButton);
	}
	else
	{
		int port = ui->le_port->text().toInt();
		server->listen(QHostAddress::LocalHost, port);//QHostAddress::LocalHost 获取本机的IPv4地址
		if (server->isListening())
		{
			
			ui->l_state->setText("开始监听");
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("已监听--等待；连接中！");
		}
	}
}
void Server::on_send_click()
{

		QString str = ui->le_outDatas->text();
		if (str != "")
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("发送：" + str);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
			ui->le_outDatas->setFocus();
			QByteArray out = str.toUtf8();
			socket->write(out);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
		}
		else
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("警告：不支持输入空消息！\n\n");
		}
	


}
void Server::on_close_click()
{
	server->close();
	if (!server->isListening())
	{
		ui->pb_close->setEnabled(false);
		ui->pb_start->setEnabled(true);
		ui->l_state->setText("已关闭监听");
	}
	else
	{
		ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("关闭失败");
	}
}
void Server::on_linkOk_connect()
{
	ui->l_state->setText("已连接");
	socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
	connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(on_read_readRead()));
	QHostAddress addr = server->serverAddress();
	int port = server->serverPort();
	QString datas = "客户端  Ip:"+ addr.toString() + "  端口："+QString::number(port);
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("***已连接***\n" +datas+"\n\n");
	ui->pb_send->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_close->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_start->setEnabled(false);
}

---

• 启动监听

int port = ui->le_port->text().toInt();
		server->listen(QHostAddress::LocalHost, port);//QHostAddress::LocalHost 获取本机的IPv4地址
		if (server->isListening())
		{
			
			ui->l_state->setText("开始监听");
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("已监听--等待；连接中！");
		}

输入要监听的IP和端口，调用 QTcpServer的listen()函数开始进行监听。这里用本机作为链接所以使用了QHostAddress::LocalHost。

---

• 链接成功

	connect(server,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(on_linkOk_connect()));

QTcpServer 在链接成功后会发出newConnection()信号。

void Server::on_linkOk_connect()
{
	ui->l_state->setText("已连接");
	socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
	connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(on_read_readRead()));
	QHostAddress addr = server->serverAddress();
	int port = server->serverPort();
	QString datas = "客户端  Ip:"+ addr.toString() + "  端口："+QString::number(port);
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("***已连接***\n" +datas+"\n\n");
	ui->pb_send->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_close->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_start->setEnabled(false);
}

nextPendingConnection()函数将返回与其连接的客户端的QTcpSocket ，通过QTcpSocket进行与客户端的通信。所以在已经获得客户端QTcpSocket后在进行信息发送的 信号与槽函数的链接。

---

• 发送信息

void Server::on_send_click()
{

		QString str = ui->le_outDatas->text();
		if (str != "")
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("发送：" + str);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
			ui->le_outDatas->setFocus();
			QByteArray out = str.toUtf8();
			socket->write(out);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
		}
		else
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("警告：不支持输入空消息！\n\n");
		}
}

通过QTcoSocket类的write()函数可以进行两段的通信，当有新数据流入缓存区时QTcpSocket会发出readyRead()的信号，客户端收到信号后调用槽函数即可输出数据。
write()函数的参数为QByteArray类型，选择好格式可以防止出现中文乱码问题。

---

• 读取信息

	connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(on_read_readRead()));

void Server::on_read_readRead()
{
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("接收："+socket->readAll());
}

readyRead()信号与槽函数的链接，应在链接成功后服务端获得客户端QTcpSocket后进行。

2. 客户端

SendWindow::SendWindow(QWidget *parent)
{
	ui = new Ui::SendWindowClass();
	ui->setupUi(this);
	this->setWindowTitle("客户端");
	socket = new QTcpSocket();
	connect(ui->pb_link, SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_link_click()));
	connect(ui->pb_send,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_send_click()));
	connect(ui->pb_close,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_linkClose_disconnected()));
	connect(socket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(on_linkOk_connect()));
	connect(socket,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(on_linkClose_disconnected()));
	connect(socket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(on_read_readRead()));
}
void SendWindow::on_read_readRead()
{
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("接收："+socket->readAll());
}
void SendWindow::on_linkClose_disconnected()
{
	ui->pb_link->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_close->setEnabled(false);
	ui->pb_send->setEnabled(false);
	ui->l_link->setText("断开连接");
	ui->pte_message->setPlainText("***连接已断开***\n");
}
void SendWindow::on_link_click()
{
	int port = ui->le_port->text().toInt();
	QString ip = ui->le_ip->text();
	if (!(ip.isEmpty())||port == 0)
	{
		QHostAddress addr(ip);
		socket->connectToHost(addr, port);	
	}
	else
	{
		QMessageBox window;
		window.warning(this,"警告","请输入ip和端口",window.Ok,window.NoButton);
	}
}
void SendWindow::on_send_click()
{
		QString str = ui->le_outDatas->text();
		if (str != "")
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("发送：" + str);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
			ui->le_outDatas->setFocus();
			QByteArray datas = str.toUtf8();
			socket->write(datas);
		}
		else
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendHtml("警告：不支持输入空消息！\n\n");
		}
}
void SendWindow::on_linkOk_connect()
{
	ui->l_link->setText("已连接");
	QHostAddress serverIp=  socket->peerAddress();
	ui->pte_message->setPlainText("***已连接***\n");
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("服务端Ip:"+serverIp.toString()+"\n\n");
	ui->pb_close->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_send->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_link->setEnabled(false);
}

---

• 发起链接

void SendWindow::on_link_click()
{
	int port = ui->le_port->text().toInt();
	QString ip = ui->le_ip->text();
	if (!(ip.isEmpty())||port == 0)
	{
		QHostAddress addr(ip);
		socket->connectToHost(addr, port);
		
	}
	else
	{
		QMessageBox window;
		window.warning(this,"警告","请输入ip和端口",window.Ok,window.NoButton);
	}
	
}

获得要链接的IP和端口，通过connectToHost()函数进行链接，当链接成功会发出 connected()信号。
*Qt IP地址的存取只能通过QHostAddress类进行。
    存 QHostAdderss addr(ip);（在多数情况下用QList< QHostAdderss> 存储IP）
    取 addr.toString();
更改多关于QHostAdderss 类的说明可以转至：官网

---

• 连接成功

	connect(socket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(on_linkOk_connect()));

void SendWindow::on_linkOk_connect()
{
	ui->l_link->setText("已连接");
	QHostAddress serverIp=  socket->peerAddress();
	ui->pte_message->setPlainText("***已连接***\n");
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("服务端Ip:"+serverIp.toString()+"\n\n");
	ui->pb_close->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_send->setEnabled(true);
	ui->pb_link->setEnabled(false);
}

---

• 发送/接收 信息

void SendWindow::on_send_click()
{
		QString str = ui->le_outDatas->text();
		if (str != "")
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("发送：" + str);
			ui->le_outDatas->clear();
			ui->le_outDatas->setFocus();
			QByteArray datas = str.toUtf8();
			socket->write(datas);
		}
		else
		{
			ui->pte_message->appendHtml("警告：不支持输入空消息！\n\n");
		}
}

	connect(socket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(on_read_readRead()));

void SendWindow::on_read_readRead()
{
	ui->pte_message->appendPlainText("接收："+socket->readAll());
}

---

以上就是本项目的主要功能代码，有问题或建议请在评论区交流，如需源码请转至：资源下载中心