使用QT的QProcess执行cmd命令【记录】

由于工作需求，要使用QT执行cmd命令。鉴于网上的方法实现了适合自己的一种方法。

先放效果图

QProcess Class

可用于完成启动外部程序，并与之交互通信。

创建并启动

在 QProcess 中，输入通道分为标准错误通道和标准输出通道，对应的信号分别是 readyReadStandardError() 和 readyRead()。
可通过 setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::MergedChannels) 将标准错误通道合并至标准输出通道。

    process = new QProcess(this);
    process->setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::MergedChannels);
    
    ...
    
    process->start("cmd.exe");

Signal

readyRead() 将我们输入的指令显示到控制台窗口中。
readyReadStandardOutput()将 cmd 指令返回结果显示至控制台窗口中。
errorOccurred(QProcess::ProcessError)将 QProcess 发送的打印至控制台。
finished(int)当 QProcess 退出时，mProcess 回到 NotRunning 状态，并发出 finished() 信号。

源码

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QProcess>
#include <handleapi.h>
#include <QShortcut>

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QProcess *process;
    QShortcut *key;

public slots:
    void write_cmd();
    void read_data();
    void finished_process();
    void error_process();

};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

#include <QDebug>
#include <QShortcut>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    setWindowTitle("cmd text");

    ui->setupUi(this);
    ui->lineEdit->setText(tr("ping zhangmengmm.top"));
    ui->textEdit->setLineWrapMode(QTextEdit::NoWrap);

    process = new QProcess(this);
    process->setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::MergedChannels);

    ui->pushButton_Enter->setFocus();
    ui->pushButton_Enter->setShortcut(QKeySequence::InsertParagraphSeparator);
    ui->pushButton_Enter->setShortcut(Qt::Key_Enter);
    ui->pushButton_Enter->setShortcut(Qt::Key_Return);

    connect(ui->pushButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),ui->lineEdit,SLOT(clear()));                           //清除命令行
    connect(ui->pushButton_Enter,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(write_cmd()));                         //回车按钮
    connect(ui->pushButton_Clear,SIGNAL(clicked()),ui->textEdit,SLOT(clear()));                     //清除文本框按钮

    connect(process,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(read_data()));                                    //读命令行数据
    connect(process,SIGNAL(readyReadStandardOutput()),this,SLOT(read_data()));                      //读命令行标准数据（兼容）
    connect(process,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QProcess::ProcessError)),this,SLOT(error_process()));      //命令行错误处理
    connect(process,SIGNAL(finished(int)),this,SLOT(finished_process()));                           //命令行结束处理

    connect(ui->pushButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),ui->lineEdit,SLOT(setFocus()));
    connect(ui->pushButton_Enter,SIGNAL(clicked()),ui->lineEdit,SLOT(setFocus()));
    connect(ui->pushButton_Clear,SIGNAL(clicked()),ui->lineEdit,SLOT(setFocus()));

    process->start("cmd.exe");
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    if(process != Q_NULLPTR)
    {
        process->close();
        delete process;
        process = Q_NULLPTR;
    }
}

void MainWindow::write_cmd()
{
    /* 获得命令，\r\n代替键盘的Enter，没有则不会执行 */
    QString cmd = ui->lineEdit->text() + "\r\n";
    ui->lineEdit->clear();
    ui->lineEdit->setFocus();

    QByteArray qbarr = cmd.toLatin1();
    char *ch = qbarr.data();
    qint64 len = cmd.length();
    process->write(ch, len);

    /* 信息输出 */
    qDebug() << "Success:write_cmd：" << cmd << endl;
}

void MainWindow::read_data()
{
    /* 接收数据 */
    QByteArray bytes = process->readAll();

    /* 显示 */
    QString msg = QString::fromLocal8Bit(bytes);
    ui->textEdit->append(msg);
    ui->textEdit->update();

    /* 信息输出 */
    qDebug() << "Success:read_data:" << msg << endl;
}

void MainWindow::finished_process()
{
    /* 接收数据 */
    int flag = process->exitCode();

    /* 信息输出 */
    qDebug() << "Success:finishedProcess():" << flag << endl;
}

void MainWindow::error_process()
{
    /* 接收数据 */
    int err_code  = process->exitCode();
    QString err = process->errorString();

    /* 显示 */
    ui->textEdit->append(QString("error coed:%1").arg(err_code));
    ui->textEdit->append(err);

    /* 信息输出 */
    qDebug() << "Success:error_process():" << err << endl;
}

mainwindow.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>750</width>
    <height>426</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralWidget">
   <widget class="QSplitter" name="splitter_3">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>31</x>
      <y>10</y>
      <width>681</width>
      <height>341</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="orientation">
     <enum>Qt::Vertical</enum>
    </property>
    <widget class="QSplitter" name="splitter_2">
     <property name="orientation">
      <enum>Qt::Vertical</enum>
     </property>
     <widget class="QSplitter" name="splitter">
      <property name="orientation">
       <enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
      </property>
      <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
       <property name="text">
        <string>Clear</string>
       </property>
      </widget>
      <widget class="QLineEdit" name="lineEdit"/>
      <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_Enter">
       <property name="text">
        <string>Enter</string>
       </property>
      </widget>
     </widget>
     <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit"/>
    </widget>
    <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_Clear">
     <property name="text">
      <string>Clear</string>
     </property>
    </widget>
   </widget>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menuBar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>750</width>
     <height>21</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QToolBar" name="mainToolBar">
   <attribute name="toolBarArea">
    <enum>TopToolBarArea</enum>
   </attribute>
   <attribute name="toolBarBreak">
    <bool>false</bool>
   </attribute>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusBar"/>
 </widget>
 <layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>