设计模式——职责链模式

一、职责链模式
1、UML图

2、代码：
Handler类：定义一个处理请示的接口。
ConcreteHandler类：具体处理者类，处理它所负责的请求，可访问它的后继者，如果可处理该请求，就处理之，否则就将该请求转发给它的后继者。
ConcretelHandler1类：当请求数在0到10之间则有权处理，否则转到下一位。
ConcreteHandler2类：当请求数在10到20之间则有权处理，否则转到下一位。
ConcreteHandler3类：当请求数在20到30之间则有权处理，否则转到下一位。

abstract class Handler{
	protected String name;
	protected Handler successor;//设置继任者
	public void SetSuccessor(Handler successor) {
		this.successor=successor;
	}
	public abstract void HandleRequest(int request);
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}
class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler{
 
	@Override
	public void HandleRequest(int request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(request>=0&&request<10) {
			System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
		}else if(successor!=null) {
			successor.HandleRequest(request);
		}
	}
	
}
class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler{
 
	@Override
	public void HandleRequest(int request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(request>=10&&request<20) {
			System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
		}else if(successor!=null) {
			successor.HandleRequest(request);
		}
	}
	
}
class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler{
 
	@Override
	public void HandleRequest(int request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(request>=20&&request<30) {
			System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
		}else if(successor!=null) {
			successor.HandleRequest(request);
		}
	}
	
}
public  class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Handler h1=new ConcreteHandler1();
		h1.setName("审批人1");
		Handler h2=new ConcreteHandler2();
		h2.setName("审批人2");
		Handler h3=new ConcreteHandler3();
		h3.setName("审批人3");
		h1.SetSuccessor(h2);
		h2.SetSuccessor(h3);
		int[]requests= {2,5,14,22,18,3,27,20};
		for(int i=0;i<requests.length;i++) {
			h1.HandleRequest(requests[i]);
		}
	}
}

//结果为：
审批人1处理请求2
审批人1处理请求5
审批人2处理请求14
审批人3处理请求22
审批人2处理请求18
审批人1处理请求3
审批人3处理请求27
审批人3处理请求20

优点：

• 请求者和接收者松散耦合
• 动态组合职责

缺点：

• 产生很多细粒度对象
• 不一定能被处理

二、实例

1、问题背景
加薪申请、上报与审批员工向经理发起加薪申请，经理无权决定，需要向总监汇报，如果加薪额度超过总监权力范围，需要向总经理汇报。员工还可以提交请假申请，经理可以决定2天以下的假，总监可以决定5天以下的假，其余都要上报总经理。
2、初步代码

//申请：小菜请求加薪2000/小菜请假3天
class Request{
	private String requestType;//申请类别
	private String requestContent;//申请内容
	private int number;//数量
	public String getRequestType() {
		return requestType;
	}
	public void setRequestType(String requestType) {
		this.requestType = requestType;
	}
	public String getRequestContent() {
		return requestContent;
	}
	public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) {
		this.requestContent = requestContent;
	}
	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}
	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}
	
}
//管理者
class Manager{
	protected String name;
	public Manager(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void GetResult(String managerLevel,Request request) {
		System.out.println(request.getRequestType()+":"+request.getNumber());
		if(managerLevel=="经理") {
			if(request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=2) {
				System.out.println("数量<=2，被批准");
			}else {
				System.out.println("数量>2，无权批准");
			}
		}else if(managerLevel=="总监") {
			if(request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=5) {
				System.out.println("数量<=5，被批准");
			}else {
				System.out.println("数量>5，无权批准");
			}
		}else if(managerLevel=="总经理") {
			if(request.getRequestType()=="请假") {
				System.out.println("请假，被批准");
			}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()<=500) {
				System.out.println("加薪<=500，被批准");
			}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()>500) {
				System.out.println("加薪>500，无权批准");
		}
	}
	}
}
public  class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Manager jinli=new Manager("锦鲤");
		Manager zongjian=new Manager("纵剪");
		Manager zongjingli=new Manager("宗经理");
		Request request=new Request();//小菜请求加薪1000
		request.setRequestType("加薪");
		request.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");
		request.setNumber(1000);
		jinli.GetResult("经理", request);
		zongjian.GetResult("总监", request);
		zongjingli.GetResult("总经理", request);
		System.out.println("=======");
		Request request2=new Request();//小菜请假3天
		request2.setRequestType("请假");
		request2.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
		request2.setNumber(3);
		jinli.GetResult("经理", request2);
		zongjian.GetResult("总监", request2);
		zongjingli.GetResult("总经理", request2);
	}
}

出现问题：Manager类的GetResult方法比较长，且有太多的分支判断，这是不好的设计，因为可能还会增加其他的管理美别，比如项目经理、部门经理、人力总监、副总经理等等，那就意味着需要去更改Manager类，这个类承担了太多的责任，违背了单一职责原则，增加新的管理类别，需要修改这个类，违背了开放-封闭原则。
改进：

class Request{
	private String requestType;//申请类别
	private String requestContent;//申请内容
	private int number;//数量
	public String getRequestType() {
		return requestType;
	}
	public void setRequestType(String requestType) {
		this.requestType = requestType;
	}
	public String getRequestContent() {
		return requestContent;
	}
	public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) {
		this.requestContent = requestContent;
	}
	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}
	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}
	
}
//管理者类
abstract class Manager{
	protected String name;
	//管理者的上级
	protected Manager superior;
	public Manager(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	//设置管理者的上级
	public void SetSuperrior(Manager superior) {
		this.superior=superior;
	}
	abstract public void RequestApplications(Request request);
}
class CommonManager extends Manager{//经理类
	public CommonManager(String name) {
		super(name);
	}
 
	@Override
	public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=2) {
			System.out.println(name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
		}else {//其余的申请都需转到上级
			if(superior!=null) {
				superior.RequestApplications(request);
			}
		}
	}
}
class Majordomo extends Manager{//总监类
	public Majordomo(String name) {
		super(name);
	}
 
@Override
public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	if(request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=5) {
		System.out.println(name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
	}else {
		if(superior!=null) {
			superior.RequestApplications(request);
		}
	}
}
}
class GeneralManager extends Manager{
	public GeneralManager(String name) {
		super(name);
	}
 
	@Override
	public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(request.getRequestType()=="请假") {
			System.out.println(name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
		}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()<=500) {
			System.out.println(name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
		}else {
			System.out.println(name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"再说吧");
		}
	}
}
public  class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		CommonManager jinli=new CommonManager("锦鲤");
		Majordomo zongjian=new Majordomo("纵剪");
		GeneralManager zhongjingli=new GeneralManager("宗经理");
		jinli.SetSuperrior(zongjian);
		zongjian.SetSuperrior(zhongjingli);
		Request request=new Request();
		request.setRequestType("请假");
		request.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
		request.setNumber(1);
		jinli.RequestApplications(request);
		
		Request request2=new Request();
		request2.setRequestType("请假");
		request2.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
		request2.setNumber(4);
		jinli.RequestApplications(request2);
		
		Request request3=new Request();
		request3.setRequestType("加薪");
		request3.setRequestContent("小菜加薪");
		request3.setNumber(1000);
		jinli.RequestApplications(request3);
	}
}