SpringMVC
1.搭建第一个SpringMVC工程
第一步:导入maven坐标
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
第二步:在web.xml中配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
第三步:创建自定义控制器(implements实现方式)
public class MyController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello","world");
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}
}
第四步:在执行位置下创建指定文件名称的配置文件
/WEB-INF/SpringMVC-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean name="/MyController" class="com.zx.controller.MyController"></bean>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀prefix-->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<!--后缀suffix-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
第五步:测试
浏览器访问http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC01/MyController
2.访问自定义方法
2.1基础多方法控制器
第一步:删除原有实现方式,改为继承多方法控制器(需要降低SpringMVC版本)
package com.zx.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/*多方法控制器 (新版本过时了)
* 需要配合方法解析器来使用
* */
public class Mycontroller02 extends MultiActionController {
public ModelAndView add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello","world");
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}
public String delete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello","world");
return "index";
}
}
第二步:修改SpringMVC-servlet.xml中控制器配置,需要注入方法解析器
<bean name="/MyController02" class="com.zx.controller.Mycontroller02">
<property name="methodNameResolver" ref="methodNameResolver"></property>
</bean>
<!--方法解析器-->
<bean id="methodNameResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver">
<property name="paramName" value="method"></property>
</bean>
第三步:测试
访问http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC01/MyController?method=add
2.2基于注解的请求映射(重点)
SpringMVC-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!--组件扫描-->
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xszx"></context:component-scan>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
核心注解@RequestMapping,可以写在类或者方法上
/*
原始方法,不破坏原始方法结构
*/
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public ModelAndView test01(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello","world");
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}
/*
原始返回值,没有参数
*/
@RequestMapping("/test02")
public ModelAndView test02(){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello","world");
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}
/*
字符串返回值,没有参数
*/
@RequestMapping("/test03")
public String test03(){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test03");
return "index";
}
/*
一个方法映射多种路径
*/
@RequestMapping(value = {"/test041","/test042"})
public String test04(){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test04");
return "index";
}
/*
指定请求方式
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test05",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String test05(){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test04");
return "index";
}
/*
REST风格访问 (路径传参)
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test06/{name}")
public String test06(String name){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test06"+name);
return "index";
}
通配符路径
@RequestMapping("test04?") //test041 test043
@RequestMapping("test05*") //test0511 test05fd
@RequestMapping("test06/?") //test06/1 test06/f
@RequestMapping("test07/*") //test07/456 test07/fdf
3.参数问题
/*
参数接收问题
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/MyController02")
@SessionAttributes("loginname")
public class MyController02 {
/*
乱码问题:
控制台
请求乱码:
get:需要在tomcat中配置文件server.xml中设置编码
post:request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”)
浏览器
response设置响应编码response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);
*/
//http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test01?name=lufei
/*
post请求接收参数,出现中文乱码
解决办法 第一种:参考test02
第二种:设置编码过滤 在web.xml中配置编码过滤
*/
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public String test01(String name, Model model){
System.out.println("参数接收:"+name);
//ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//mv.addObject("hello","world");
//mv.addObject("loginname","路飞");
model.addAttribute("hello","world");
model.addAttribute("loginname","admin");
return "index";
}
/*
@RequestParam 请求参数
required 必须传输的参数
name或者value 替换形式参数名称
defaultValue 传递参数或者没有传递参数,使用的默认值
*/
@RequestMapping("/test11")
public String test11(@RequestParam(required = false,value = "admin") String name){
System.out.println("参数接收:"+name);
return "index";
}
//http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test02?name=lufei
@RequestMapping("/test02")
public String test02(HttpServletRequest request) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String name = request.getParameter("name");
System.out.println("参数接收:"+name);
return "index";
}
/*
REST风格访问 (路径传参)
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test03/lufei
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test03/{name}")
public String test03(@PathVariable("name") String name){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test03"+name);
return "index";
}
/*
参数为基本类型
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test04?age=12
如果参数值不是int类型,则方法访问不到
如果没有携带age参数,如下所示:
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test04
则运行报错,因为int基本类型无法接受null
解决办法:将int类型提升为包装类Integer
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test04")
public String test04(Integer age){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test04"+age);
return "index";
}
/*
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test05?name=admin&age=12
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test05")
public String test05(String name,Integer age){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test05"+name+age);
return "index";
}
/*
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test06?name=admin&age=12
*/
@RequestMapping("/test06")
public String test06(HttpServletRequest request) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String age = request.getParameter("age");
System.out.println("参数接收:"+name+age);
return "index";
}
/*
REST风格访问 接受多个参数 (路径传参)
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test07/lufei/23
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test07/{name}/{age}")
public String test07(@PathVariable("name") String name,@PathVariable("age") Integer age){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test07"+name+age);
return "index";
}
/*
http://localhost:8081/20210719_SpringMVC02/MyController02/test08?username=admin&password=123
单独接收对象类型 正常接收,自动封装对象
关联对象接收 正常接收 group.gid
对象中包含数组或者集合,正常接收
对象中包含日期格式数据,需要利用初始化绑定方法提前对日期格式进行处理
*/
@RequestMapping("/test08")
public String test08(User user){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test08");
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println(user.getGroup());
return "index";
}
/*
反例
单独接收数组类型,正常接收,可以获取数据
单独接收集合类型,如果是List接口类型参数,方法访问报错
如果是ArrayList类型,方法能访问到,参数获取失败
*/
@RequestMapping("/test09")
public String test09(ArrayList<String> likes){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test09");
System.out.println(likes);
return "index";
}
/*
单独接收日期类型:
方式一:提交给后台的日期格式必须是yyyy/MM/dd
方式二:直接接收字符串类型,再通过SimpleDateFormat进行转换
方式三:利用初始化绑定方法,提前对日期格式进行处理
*/
@RequestMapping("/test10")
public String test10(Date date) throws ParseException {
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test10");
System.out.println(date);
return "index";
}
/*@RequestMapping("/test10")
public String test10(String date) throws ParseException {
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器test10");
System.out.println(date);
SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date1 = sf.parse(date);
System.out.println(date1);
return "index";
}*/
//初始化绑定方法
@InitBinder
public void initData(WebDataBinder wdb){
wdb.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
}
/*
@RequestParam 请求参数
required 必须传输的参数
name或者value 替换形式参数名称
defaultValue 传递参数或者没有传递参数,使用的默认值
*/
@RequestMapping("/test11")
public String Test11(@RequestParam(name = "username") String username){
System.out.println("访问到了后台控制器");
System.out.println(username);
return "index";
}
4.静态资源问题
图片、css、js、html
方式一:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
@RequestMapping("/test01.do")
方式二:
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
方法三:(推荐使用)
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--静态资源问题-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/resource/**" location="/resource/"></mvc:resources>
5.Post请求中文乱码问题
在web.xml中追加编码过滤器
<!-- 编码问题之配置过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
6.配置文件转移到resources文件夹
在web.xml前端控制器中配置初始化参数
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--初始化位置-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet> `
7.Session域
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public String test01(String name, Model model){
System.out.println("参数接收:"+name);
model.addAttribute("hello","world");
model.addAttribute("loginname","admin");
return "index";
}
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/MyController02")
@SessionAttributes("loginname")
public class MyController02 {
8.转发重定向
SpringMVC默认使用转发效果,结合视图解析器配合使用
重定向之后不归视图解析器进行管理,需要手动追加页面后缀
@Controller
public class MyController03 {
public final static String REDIRECT = "redirect:";
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String add(){
return "index";
}
/*
重定向
重定向成功之后不归视图解析器进行管理
*/
@RequestMapping("/exit")
public String exit(){
return REDIRECT+"index.jsp";
}
}
9.Ajax
jQuery中ajax的用法
后端控制器需要给前端反馈字符串、对象等等,需要在控制器方法上追加@ResponseBody
如果返回的是对象或者集合,需要以JSON格式进行返回,那么需要在pom.xml中追加jackson的jar包坐标
<!--引入json的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId><version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping("/test01")
@ResponseBody
public String test01(String username){
System.out.println("hjh");
System.out.println(username);
if("admin".equals(username)){
return "true";
}
return "false";
}
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<%
String path=request.getContextPath();
%>
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=path%>/resource/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="resource/css/style.css">
<script>
$(function(){
$("#username_").blur(function(){
var username=$(this).val();
$.ajax({
url:"test01",
type:"post",
data:{"username":username},
success:function (data){
alert(data)
}
});
});
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" name="username" id="username_">
<img src="resource/image/OIP.jpg">
</body>
</html>
10.异常解析
局部异常处理
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public String exception(){
System.out.println("出错了");
return "redirect:error.jsp";
}
全局异常处理
<!--异常解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.Exception">redirect:error.jsp</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
11.文件的上传与下载
导入文件上传坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
配置文件解析器
<!-- 配置文件上传解析器 -->
<!-- id的值是固定的-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为5MB -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" >
<value>5242880</value>
</property>
</bean>
创建表单
上传文件的表单前提
1) 提交方式必须是post
2) 表单的类型必须:multipart/form-data, 多功能表单数据
3) 必须有一个type=file name的表单元素
<body>
<form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
创建Controller控制器
@Controller
public class MyController03 {
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//确定文件上传路径
String path=request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("fileupload");
System.out.println(path);
if(!file.isEmpty()){
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(),new File(path,file.getOriginalFilename()));
}
return "index";
}
}
12.拦截器
创建类,实现接口
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
/*
false 拦截
true 放行
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("经过拦截器");
//需要自行做登录判断....
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle拦截");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion拦截");
}
}
或者创建类,继承拦截器适配器类
public class MyInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
/*
false 拦截
true 放行
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("经过拦截器");
//需要自行做登录判断....
return true;
}
}
在beans.xml中配置拦截器
<!--拦截器配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.zx.interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>