51单片机实验，电子琴

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-14 20:38:39 发布

幽州小草

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-14 20:38:39 发布

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文章标签：单片机 c++ 经验分享

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45313243/article/details/109654632

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51单片机实验，电子琴

实验是可播放音乐可演奏的电子琴。可分别播放内部存储的三首歌曲，或者通过按键弹奏音乐。屏幕在弹奏音乐时显示姓名学号，在播放音乐时显示歌曲名字。

原理图

单片机实验

实验代码

#include<reg51.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
#define LCDPORT P0
sbit BEEP = P3 ^ 7;//把p3接口用BEEP表示，下同
sbit BEEP1 = P3 ^ 0; //???
sbit BEEP2 = P3 ^ 4;
sbit LCDE = P2 ^ 2;
sbit LCDRW = P2 ^ 1;
sbit LCDRS = P2 ^ 0;
sbit BCD1= P2 ^ 5;
sbit BCD2 = P2 ^ 6;
sbit BCD3 = P2 ^ 7;
sbit BCD4 = P2 ^ 8;
uchar KeyNo; //???
//???
unsigned char code name[] = " zhaeng";//定义数组，名字
unsigned char code num[] = " 211691";//定义数组，学号
unsigned char code tab1[] = “PLAYING MUSIC IS”;//定义数组显示歌曲
unsigned char code tab2[] = “TWO TIGER”;//歌曲名字，下同
unsigned char code tab3[] = “THE TONE IS”;
unsigned char code tab4[] = “TWO BUFFER”;
uint code Tone_Delay_Table1[] =//定义音符延时表，用于按键播放音乐
{ 64021,64103,64260,64400,64524,64580,64684,64777,
64820,64898,64968,65030,65058,65110,65157,65178 };
uint code Tone_Delay_Table[] =//定义音符延时表，用于播放音乐
{ 62018,62401,62491,62895,63184,63441,63506,
63773,63965,64137,64215,64360,64488,64603,
64654,64751,64836,64876,64948,65012,65067,65535 };
uchar code Song1_Tone[] =//歌曲一的音调
{ 13,0,13,1,13,2,13,0,13,0,13,1,13,2,13,0,13,2,13,3,
13,4,13,13,13,2,13,3,13,4,13,13,13,4,5,4,3,2,13,0,
13,4,5,4,3,2,13,0,13,2,13,11,13,0,13,13,2,13,11,13,0,13,13,0xFF };
uchar code Song1_Time[] =//歌曲一的时间，下同
{ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0xFF };
uchar code Song2_Tone[] = {
13,0,0,4,4,5,5,4,13,3,3,2,2,1,1,0,13,4,4,3,3,2,2,1,13,4,4,3,3,2,2,1,0xFF };
uchar code Song2_Time[] = {
3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,0xFF };
uchar code Song3_Tone[] = {
13,2,2,3,4,4,3,2,1,0,0,1,2,2,1,1,13,2,2,3,4,4,3,2,1,0,0,1,2,1,13,0,0,13,1,1,2,0,1,3,2,0,1,3,2,1,0,1,12,13,0xFF };
uchar code Song3_Time[] = {
3,3,3,3,3,3,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,0xFF };
uchar Song_Index = 0, Tone_Index = 0;//音乐片段索引，音符索引
uchar* Song_Tone_Pointer, * Song_Time_Pointer;//音符指针和延时指针
uchar tool = 0;//工具人
uchar* trans = &tool;//定义指针，用于匹配歌曲和屏幕显示
uchar i = 0;
void DelayMS(uint ms)//音乐播放的延时
{
```
uchar t;  
```

while (ms--) for (t = 0; t < 120; t++);

}
//*****************
void Delay()//屏幕显示的延时
{
```
uint uiCount;  
```

for (uiCount = 0; uiCount < 250; uiCount++);

}
void WriteCMD(uchar Command)//屏幕显示部分已经讲过
{
```
Delay();      
```
```
LCDE = 1;       
```
```
LCDRS = 0;  
```
```
LCDRW = 0;  
```
```
LCDPORT = Command;    
```
```
Delay();  
```
```
LCDE = 0;       
```
}
void WriteData(uchar dat)
{
```
Delay();        
```
```
LCDE = 1;        
```
```
LCDRS = 1;  
```
```
LCDRW = 0;  
```
```
LCDPORT = dat;      
```
```
LCDE = 0;        
```
}
void inicry()
{
```
LCDRW = 0;  
```
```
LCDE = 0;  
```
```
WriteCMD(0x38);  
```
```
WriteCMD(0x0f);  
```
```
WriteCMD(0x07);  
```
```
WriteCMD(0x01);  
```
}
void mydelay(int x)
{
```
int i, y;  
```
```
   for (i = x; i > 0; i--)  
```
```
       for (y = 255; y > 0; y--);  
```
}
void Key_Press() interrupt 0//外部中断控制的音乐切换
{

   TR0 = 0;/*定时器开始和启动的标志，

           任何时刻，当TR0/TR1为1时，T0/T1定时器计数；

           当TR0/TR1为0时，T0 定时器停止计数。*/

   Song_Index = (Song_Index + 1) % 3;//切换到下一个音乐，因为只有3首

   switch (Song_Index)//通过switch case来选择音乐

```
   {  
```

   case 0: Song_Tone_Pointer = Song1_Tone;

       Song_Time_Pointer = Song1_Time;

       *trans = 0;//屏幕与歌曲的匹配

```
       break;  
```

   case 1: Song_Tone_Pointer = Song2_Tone;

       Song_Time_Pointer = Song2_Time;

```
       *trans = 1;  
```
```
       break;  
```

   case 2: Song_Tone_Pointer = Song3_Tone;

       Song_Time_Pointer = Song3_Time;

```
       *trans = 2;  
```
```
       break;  
```
```
   }  
```

   i = 0;//从另一个音乐第0个音符开始

   TR0 = 1;//定时器开始。作用是让外部中断的优先级更高

}
//–通过T0定时器控制播放
void Timer0_Play_Music() interrupt 1
{

   BEEP2 = 0xFF;//判断是模式1还是2

```
   if (BEEP2 != 0XFF)  
```
```
   {  
```

       TH0 = Tone_Delay_Table[Tone_Index] / 256;

       TL0 = Tone_Delay_Table[Tone_Index] % 256;

       BEEP = ~BEEP;对应不同的播放器

```
   }  
```
```
   else  
```
```
   {  
```

       TH0 = Tone_Delay_Table1[KeyNo] / 256;

       TL0 = Tone_Delay_Table1[KeyNo] % 256;

```
       BEEP1 = ~BEEP1;  
```
```
   }  
```
}
//————————————————
//键盘矩阵扫描
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Keys_Scan()
{
```
   uchar Tmp, k;  
```
```
   //高四位置0，放入四行  
```

   P1 = 0x0F;//p18对应的最高位，p10对应的最低位

```
   DelayMS(2);  
```

   //按键后，00001111变成0000xxxx。x中有1个0，3个1

   //下面的异或操作，讲0变成1，将1变成0

```
   Tmp = P1 ^ 0x0F;  
```
```
   //相同的变0，不同的变1  
```

   //判断按键发生在0-3的哪一列

```
   switch (Tmp)  
```
```
   {  
```
```
   case 1:k = 0; break;  
```
```
   case 2:k = 1; break;  
```
```
   case 4:k = 2; break;  
```
```
   case 8:k = 3; break;  
```

   default:return;    //没有按键按下

```
   }  
```
```
   //低四位置0，放入四列  
```
```
   P1 = 0XF0;  
```
```
   DelayMS(2);  
```

   //按键后，11110000变成xxxx0000。x中有1个0，3个1

   //下面的操作会将高四位移动到低四位，并将唯一的0变为1

   Tmp = (P1 >> 4) ^ 0X0F;//>>：是整数位操作运算符中的右移运算符

   //对0-3行分别赋初始值，0,4,8,12

```
   switch (Tmp)  
```
```
   {  
```
```
   case 1:k += 0; break;  
```
```
   case 2:k += 4; break;  
```
```
   case 4:k += 8; break;  
```
```
   case 8:k += 12; break;  
```
```
   default:return;  
```
```
   }  
```

   KeyNo = k;//这个时候的k就是按键的名字

}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*void Play_Tone() interrupt 1
{

   TH0 = Tone_Delay_Table1[KeyNo] / 256;

   TL0 = Tone_Delay_Table1[KeyNo] % 256;

```
   BEEP1 = ~BEEP1; 
```
}*/
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void main()
{
```
   uchar y, x, z;  
```

   TMOD = 0x01;//定时器均工作在模式一（片内部的寄存器）

   IP = 0x01;//INT0设为高优先级

```
   IE = 0x83;//允许INT0和T0中断  
```
```
   TR0 = 0;//定时器停止  
```

   Song_Tone_Pointer = Song1_Tone;//给指针指向1

```
   Song_Tone_Pointer = Song1_Time;//  
```
```
   inicry();//屏幕初始化  
```
```
   while (1)  
```
```
   {  
```

       BEEP2 = 0xFF;//选定模式1还是2

       if (BEEP2 != 0XFF)//模式1，播放音乐，BEEP2按下了

```
       {  
```

           BCD1 = 1; BCD2 = 0; BCD3 = 0; BCD4 = 0;

           WriteCMD(0x80);/*这个是1602的程序bai,每行16个显示单元，

                          第一行地址du从0x80~0x80+16,第二行0xc0~0xc0+16*/

```
           for (y = 0; y < 16; y++)  
```
```
           {  
```

               WriteData(tab1[y]);//写这首歌是啥这句话

```
               mydelay(5);  
```
```
           }  
```

           //Tone_Index = Song_Tone_Pointer[i];//判断是第几个音符

           if (tool == 0)//是第一首歌，进行的屏幕操作

```
           {  
```

               WriteCMD(0x80 + 0x40);

               for (z = 0; z < 9; z++)

```
               {  
```

                   WriteData(tab2[z]);

```
                   mydelay(5);  
```
```
               }  
```
```
           }  
```
```
           if (tool == 1)  
```
```
           {  
```

               WriteCMD(0x80 + 0x40);

               for (z = 0; z < 10; z++)

```
               {  
```

                   WriteData(tab3[z]);

```
                   mydelay(5);  
```
```
               }  
```
```
           }  
```
```
           if (tool == 2)  
```
```
           {  
```

               WriteCMD(0x80 + 0x40);

               for (z = 0; z < 10; z++)

```
               {  
```

                   WriteData(tab4[z]);

```
                   mydelay(5);  
```
```
               }  
```
```
           }  
```

           Tone_Index = Song_Tone_Pointer[i];//判断是第几个音符

           if (Tone_Index == 0xFF)//到结束了，最后一个字符了

```
           {  
```

               i = 0;//从第一个字符开始

               DelayMS(2000);//每首歌播放完之后停顿一会

               continue;//继续播放

```
           }  
```
```
           TR0 = 1;//定时器工作  
```

           DelayMS(Song_Time_Pointer[Tone_Index] * 240);//延时，每个时间段乘以240

           TR0 = 0;//定时器开始。通过T0来控制频率。延时的时间段就是定时器响的时间段

```
           i++;//字符向后走  
```
```
       }  
```
```
       else//模式2  
```
```
       {  
```

           BCD1 = 0; BCD2 = 1; BCD3 = 0; BCD4 = 0;

           P1 = 0XF0;//设定初值，判断是否扫描

           /*p1端口接一组按键，如果按键中有一个或者多个按下时，即使P1被赋值，也会改变*/

           if (P1 != 0XF0)//有按键按下，p1是不等于这个的

```
           {  
```

               Keys_Scan();

               TR0 = 1;   //     启用定时器，根据KeyNo发音

```
           }  
```
```
           else  
```
```
           {  
```

               TR0 = 0;//没有按键按下，停止发音

```
           }  
```
```
           DelayMS(2);  
```

           WriteCMD(0x80);//下面是写名字和学号

```
           for (y = 0; y < 13; y++)  
```
```
           {  
```
```
               WriteData(name[y]);  
```
```
               mydelay(10);  
```
```
           }  
```
```
           mydelay(5);  
```
```
           WriteCMD(0x80 + 0x40);  
```
```
           for (z = 0; z < 14; z++)  
```
```
           {  
```
```
               WriteData(num[z]);  
```
```
               mydelay(10);  
```
```
           }  
```
```
           mydelay(5);  
```
```
           for (x = 0; x < 19; x++)  
```
```
           {  
```
```
               WriteCMD(0x18);  
```
```
               mydelay(5);  
```
```
           }  
```
```
           mydelay(5);  
```
```
       }  
```
```
   }  
```
}

流程图

幽州小草

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