字典相关操作

1.使用[]

user = {'username': 'dewei', 'age': 33}
user['top']  = 174   #加入字典
print(user)

user['username'] = '小慕' #修改
print(user)

user['top'] = 175
print(user)

2.update

作用：添加新的字典

xiaomu = {'username':'小慕', 'age':10, 'top':175,'sex':'male'}
user.update(xiaomu)
print(user)

3.setdefault
获取某个key的value

value = user.setdefault('username','xiaoyun')
value = user.setdefault('birthday','2020-1-1')
print(user, value)

4.keys

project = { 'id':1,'project_name':'ipad','price':2200,'count':30}
project_title = project.keys()
project_title = list(project.keys())
print(project_title)
print(project_title[0])
print(project_title[3])
print(project_title[2:6])
project_title.append('user')
print(project_title)

5.values
返回一个value集合的伪列表

project = {'id':1, 'name':'ipad','price':2200,'count':50}

keys = list(project.keys())
values = list(project.values())
print(keys)
print(values)

print('%s|%s|%s|%s' %(keys[0],keys[1],keys[2],keys[3]))
print('%s|%s|%s|%s' %(values[0],values[1],values[2],values[3]))

6.字典key的获取
（1） []的获取方法
（2） get内置函数

dict.get(key,default=None)

user_info = {
    'id':1 ,
    'username':'dewei',
    'password':'adbcdefg',
    'created_time':'2021-01-01',
    'birthday':None
}

values = [] #第一种添加方法
values.append(user_info['id'])
values.append(user_info['username'])
values.append(user_info['password'])
#values.append(user_info['created_time'])
values.append(user_info.get('created_time','2020-02-02'))
values.append(user_info['birthday'])
print(values)
#values.append(user_info['birthday'])
#values.append(user_info.get('birthday','1986-010-01'))
#print(values)

7.clear函数
清空当前的字典中所有数据
8.pop函数
删除字典中指定的key，将结果返回

dict.pop(key)

projects = {
    'ipad':{'name':'ipad','price':2200,'desc':'平板电脑'},
    'iphone':{'name':'iphone','price':3000,'desc':'手机'},
    'pc':{'name':'pc','price':3000,'desc':'电脑'},
    'mac':{'name':'mac','price':8000,'desc':'电脑'}
}


print(projects.keys())
print('一个中学生购买了{},价格是{}'.format(projects['pc']['name'],projects['pc']['price']))
projects.pop('pc')
print(projects.keys())

result =  projects.pop('mac')
print('一个人购买了%s,它的价格是%s' % (result['name'], result['price']))
print(projects.keys())

print('%s和%s都被卖出去了，一共花了{}元' %(projects['ipad'],projects['iphone'],projects['ipad']['price'])+projects['iphone']['price']))
projects.clear()
print(projects.keys())

9.popitem

#coding:utf-8
students = {'dewei':'到','xiaomu':'在','xiaoyun':'在呢','xiaogao':'在'}
print('xiaogao 在吗')
xiaogao = students.popitem()
print('%s喊%s' %(xiaogao[0],xiaogao[1]))
print('%s喊%s' %('dewei',students['dewei'][0]))