1.字典的定义
在Python中,字典是一系列键值对,每个键与每个值关联。
键必须是唯一的,值不一定。
# 表示
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"sex":"femal"}
2.字典的创建
2.1 创建空字典
# 先创建一个空的花括号 =》 空字典
dic = {}
# 分行添加各个键值对
dic["name"] = "妮妮"
dic["age"] = 6
dic["sex"] = "femal"
print(dic)
# 返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal'}
2.2 元组转换为字典
# 先定义一个元组
a = (('name',"妮妮"),('age',6),("sex","femal"))
# 将该元组转换成字典
dic = dict(a)
print(dic)
#返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal'}
3.字典元素的增加(同新增)
3.1 直接增加键值对
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6}
dic["sex"] = "femal"
print(dic)
# 返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal'}
3.2 dic.setdefault
# dic.setdefault 原先字典中有键值对则不做任何改变,没有就添加
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6}
dic["sex"] = "femal"
print(dic)
dic.setdefault('weght',150)
print("第一次调用:",dic)
dic.setdefault("weght",12)
print("第二次调用",dic)
# 返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal'}
第一次调用: {'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal', 'weght': 150}
第二次调用 {'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal', 'weght': 150}
3.3 dic.update
# update
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"sex":"femal"}
dic.update({"mother":"小沈"})
print(dic)
# 返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6, 'sex': 'femal', 'weght': 150, 'mother': '小沈'}
4.字典元素的查找(遍历)
4.1 dic.get(key,0)
如果使用dic[key]的方式查找值,key不存在会报错:KeyError,用dic.get(key,0)访问,key不存在则返回0
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6}
# 查找不存在的键值对
print(dic.get("sex",0))
# 返回
0
# 查找存在的键值对
print(dic.get("name",0))
# 返回
妮妮
4.2 dic.items()
遍历所有键值对
items = dic.items()
print(items)
print(type(items))
# 返回
dict_items([('name', '妮妮'), ('age', 6)])
<class 'dict_items'>
for key,vlaue in items:
print("Key",key)
print("Value",vlaue)
# 返回
Key name
Value 妮妮
Key age
Value 6
# 以列表形式返回
key_vlaue_list = [[key,vlaue] for key,vlaue in items]
print(key_vlaue_list)
# 返回
[['name', '妮妮'], ['age', 6]]
4.3 dic.keys()
遍历字典所有键
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6}
keys = dic.keys()
key = [key for key in keys]
print(key)
# 返回
['name', 'age']
# 按顺序遍历所有键
sorted_key = [key for key in sorted(keys)]
print(sorted_key)
# 返回
['age', 'name']
4.4 dic.values()
遍历字典所有值
values = dic.values()
print(values)
# 去掉重复的值
value = [value for value in set(values)]
print(value)
# 返回
dict_values(['妮妮', 6, '妮妮'])
['妮妮', 6]
5. 字典元素的删除
5.1 dic.pop(key)
返回相应的键,同时删除该键值对
# dic.pop(key)
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"mother":"妮妮"}
print(dic.pop("mother"))
print(dic)
# 返回
妮妮
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6}
5.2 dic.popitem()
默认删除最后一组键值对
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"mother":"妮妮"}
print(dic.popitem())
print(dic)
# 返回
('mother', '妮妮')
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6}
5.3 del dic[key]
没有返回值,同时删除该键值对
# del dic[key]
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"mother":"妮妮"}
del dic["mother"]
print(dic)
# 返回
{'name': '妮妮', 'age': 6}
5.4 del dic
直接删除字典对象,打印字典会报错
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"mother":"妮妮"}
del dic
print(dic)
# 返回
NameError: name 'dic' is not defined
5.5 dic.clear()
清空字典,打印字典返回一个空字典
dic = {"name":"妮妮","age":6,"mother":"妮妮"}
dic.clear()
print(dic)
# 返回
{}