Java反射实例化对象

Java 反射实例化对象

1、通过反射实例化对象

1. 首先要获取目标类的class对象，可以通过以下三种方法

    /*
    * 获取class对象的三种方法`在这里插入代码片`
    * */
    //1.通过 类名.class
    Class personClass1 = Person.class;

    //2.通过实例化对象的getClass()方法
    Person p = new Person();
    Class personClass2 = p.getClass();

    //3.通过类的路径名path(path是完整的包名加类名),调用Class.forName(path)方法
    Class personClass3 = Class.forName("com.example.demo.reflection.Person");

2. 通过目标的class对象来实例化目标对象

    /*
    * 通过class对象反射出类的实例化对象
    * */
    //1.直接调用class对象的newInstance(),调用了空构造函数实例化对象
    Person person1 = (Person) personClass3.newInstance();

    //2.调用class对象的getConstructor(),返回空构造器对象
    Constructor constructor1 = personClass3.getConstructor();
    Person person2 = (Person) constructor1.newInstance();

    //3.调用class对象的getConstructor(),返回带参构造器对象,
    //其实String.class等表示对应构造函数的参数类型,为了根据参数找到构造函数的重构方法
    Constructor constructor2 = personClass3.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
    Person person3 = (Person) constructor2.newInstance("Frank", 15, "male");

    //4.调用class对象的getDeclaredConstructor(),返回带参构造器对象
    Constructor declaredConstructor = personClass3.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
    declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
    Person person4 = (Person) declaredConstructor.newInstance("Nancy", 25, "female");

2、getConstructors和getDeclaredConstructors的区别

getConstructors包含Person类的公有构造方法，而getDeclaredConstructors则包含Person类的所有构造方法

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getConstructors()));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getDeclaredConstructors()));
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[public com.example.demo.reflection.Person()]
[public com.example.demo.reflection.Person(), private com.example.demo.reflection.Person(java.lang.String,int,java.lang.String)]

3、getFields和getDeclaredFields的区别

getFields包含Person和其从父类继承来的所有public修饰的属性，而getDeclaredFields只包含Person类的所有的属性

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getFields()));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getDeclaredFields()));
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[public java.lang.String com.example.demo.reflection.Student.job]
[private java.lang.String com.example.demo.reflection.Person.name, private int com.example.demo.reflection.Person.age, private java.lang.String com.example.demo.reflection.Person.sex]

所以推荐使用下述方法反射实例化对象，此时可以调用Person类的非public修饰的构造方法

再通过setAccessible(true)来跳过权限检测，也可以通过setAccessible(true)来提高反射的性能

Constructor declaredConstructor = personClass3.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
Person person4 = (Person) declaredConstructor.newInstance("Nancy", 25, "female");

上文中使用过的完整测试代码

public class demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /*
        * 获取class对象的三种方法
        * */
        //1.通过 类名.class
        Class personClass1 = Person.class;

        //2.通过实例化对象的getClass()方法
        Person p = new Person();
        Class personClass2 = p.getClass();

        //3.通过类的路径名path(path是完整的包名加类名),调用Class.forName(path)方法
        Class personClass3 = Class.forName("com.example.demo.reflection.Person");

        /*
        * 通过class对象反射出类的实例化对象
        * */
        //1.直接调用class对象的newInstance(),调用了空构造函数实例化对象
        Person person1 = (Person) personClass3.newInstance();

        //2.调用class对象的getConstructor(),返回空构造器对象
        Constructor constructor1 = personClass3.getConstructor();
        Person person2 = (Person) constructor1.newInstance();

        //3.调用class对象的getConstructor(),返回带参构造器对象,
        //其实String.class等表示对应构造函数的参数类型,为了根据参数找到构造函数的重构方法
        //使用时应对应参数的public修饰的构造方法
        //Constructor constructor2 = personClass3.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
        //Person person3 = (Person) constructor2.newInstance("Frank", 15, "male");

        //4.调用class对象的getDeclaredConstructor(),返回带参构造器对象
        Constructor declaredConstructor = personClass3.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Person person4 = (Person) declaredConstructor.newInstance("Nancy", 25, "female");

        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getConstructors()));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getDeclaredConstructors()));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getFields()));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(personClass3.getDeclaredFields()));
        System.out.println(person4);
    }
}

class Person extends Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;
    public Person() {

    }
    private Person(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student {
    public String job;
    private String bilibili;
    public void method() {}
}