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我们编写一个Servlet类直接实现Servlet接口有什么缺点?
- 我们只需要service方法,其他方法大部分情况下是不需要使用的。代码很丑陋。
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适配器设计模式Adapter
- 手机直接插到220V的电压上,手机直接就报废了。怎么办?可以找一个充电器。这个充电器就是一个适配器。手机连接适配器。适配器连接220V的电压。这样问题就解决了。
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编写一个GenericServlet类,这个类是一个抽象类,其中有一个抽象方法service。
- GenericServlet实现Servlet接口。
- GenericServlet是一个适配器。
- 以后编写的所有Servlet类继承GenericServlet,重写service方法即可。
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思考:GenericServlet类是否需要改造一下?怎么改造?更利于子类程序的编写?
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思考第一个问题:我提供了一个GenericServlet之后,init方法还会执行吗?
- 还会执行。会执行GenericServlet类中的init方法。
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思考第二个问题:init方法是谁调用的?
- Tomcat服务器调用的。
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思考第三个问题:init方法中的ServletConfig对象是谁创建的?是谁传过来的?
- 都是Tomcat干的。
- Tomcat服务器先创建了ServletConfig对象,然后调用init方法,将ServletConfig对象传给了init方法。
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思考一下Tomcat服务器伪代码:
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public class Tomcat { public static void main(String[] args){ // ..... // Tomcat服务器伪代码 // 创建LoginServlet对象(通过反射机制,调用无参数构造方法来实例化LoginServlet对象) Class clazz = Class.forName("com.javaweb.servlet.LoginServlet"); Object obj = clazz.newInstance(); // 向下转型 Servlet servlet = (Servlet)obj; // 创建ServletConfig对象 // Tomcat服务器负责将ServletConfig对象实例化出来。 // 多态(Tomcat服务器完全实现了Servlet规范) ServletConfig servletConfig = new org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade(); // 调用Servlet的init方法 servlet.init(servletConfig); // 调用Servlet的service方法 // .... } }
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当然GenericServlet是不需要我们写的,Servlet规范当中已经实现了GenericServlet
GenericServlet源码
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package jakarta.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* Defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet. To write an HTTP servlet for
* use on the Web, extend {@link jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet} instead.
* <p>
* <code>GenericServlet</code> implements the <code>Servlet</code> and
* <code>ServletConfig</code> interfaces. <code>GenericServlet</code> may be
* directly extended by a servlet, although it's more common to extend a
* protocol-specific subclass such as <code>HttpServlet</code>.
* <p>
* <code>GenericServlet</code> makes writing servlets easier. It provides simple
* versions of the lifecycle methods <code>init</code> and <code>destroy</code>
* and of the methods in the <code>ServletConfig</code> interface.
* <code>GenericServlet</code> also implements the <code>log</code> method,
* declared in the <code>ServletContext</code> interface.
* <p>
* To write a generic servlet, you need only override the abstract
* <code>service</code> method.
*/
public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private transient ServletConfig config;
/**
* Does nothing. All of the servlet initialization is done by one of the
* <code>init</code> methods.
*/
public GenericServlet() {
// NOOP
}
/**
* Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
* is being taken out of service. See {@link Servlet#destroy}.
*/
@Override
public void destroy() {
// NOOP by default
}
/**
* Returns a <code>String</code> containing the value of the named
* initialization parameter, or <code>null</code> if the parameter does not
* exist. See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameter}.
* <p>
* This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the value of the named
* parameter from the servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
*
* @param name
* a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the
* initialization parameter
* @return String a <code>String</code> containing the value of the
* initialization parameter
*/
@Override
public String getInitParameter(String name) {
return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
}
/**
* Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an
* <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects, or an empty
* <code>Enumeration</code> if the servlet has no initialization parameters.
* See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameterNames}.
* <p>
* This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the parameter names from
* the servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
*
* @return Enumeration an enumeration of <code>String</code> objects
* containing the names of the servlet's initialization parameters
*/
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
}
/**
* Returns this servlet's {@link ServletConfig} object.
*
* @return ServletConfig the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that
* initialized this servlet
*/
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return config;
}
/**
* Returns a reference to the {@link ServletContext} in which this servlet
* is running. See {@link ServletConfig#getServletContext}.
* <p>
* This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the context from the
* servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
*
* @return ServletContext the <code>ServletContext</code> object passed to
* this servlet by the <code>init</code> method
*/
@Override
public ServletContext getServletContext() {
return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
}
/**
* Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and
* copyright. By default, this method returns an empty string. Override this
* method to have it return a meaningful value. See
* {@link Servlet#getServletInfo}.
*
* @return String information about this servlet, by default an empty string
*/
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return "";
}
/**
* Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
* is being placed into service. See {@link Servlet#init}.
* <p>
* This implementation stores the {@link ServletConfig} object it receives
* from the servlet container for later use. When overriding this form of
* the method, call <code>super.init(config)</code>.
*
* @param config
* the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that contains
* configuration information for this servlet
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
* normal operation
* @see UnavailableException
*/
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
this.init();
}
/**
* A convenience method which can be overridden so that there's no need to
* call <code>super.init(config)</code>.
* <p>
* Instead of overriding {@link #init(ServletConfig)}, simply override this
* method and it will be called by
* <code>GenericServlet.init(ServletConfig config)</code>. The
* <code>ServletConfig</code> object can still be retrieved via
* {@link #getServletConfig}.
*
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
* normal operation
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// NOOP by default
}
/**
* Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, prepended by the
* servlet's name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String)}.
*
* @param message
* a <code>String</code> specifying the message to be written to
* the log file
*/
public void log(String message) {
getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message);
}
/**
* Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given
* <code>Throwable</code> exception to the servlet log file, prepended by
* the servlet's name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String, Throwable)}.
*
* @param message
* a <code>String</code> that describes the error or exception
* @param t
* the <code>java.lang.Throwable</code> error or exception
*/
public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
}
/**
* Called by the servlet container to allow the servlet to respond to a
* request. See {@link Servlet#service}.
* <p>
* This method is declared abstract so subclasses, such as
* <code>HttpServlet</code>, must override it.
*
* @param req
* the <code>ServletRequest</code> object that contains the
* client's request
* @param res
* the <code>ServletResponse</code> object that will contain the
* servlet's response
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception occurs that interferes with the servlet's
* normal operation occurred
* @exception IOException
* if an input or output exception occurs
*/
@Override
public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException;
/**
* Returns the name of this servlet instance. See
* {@link ServletConfig#getServletName}.
*
* @return the name of this servlet instance
*/
@Override
public String getServletName() {
return config.getServletName();
}
}