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HCIP学习之交换网络三层架构的基础实验
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写在前面:
学习交换网络后老师安排了一个简单的三层架构的实验,做个总结,若哪里写的有错误,欢迎指正!
这里我用的是ENSP模拟器,用SecureCRTPortable 远程连接(telnet)到模拟器的设备上。
实验拓扑图:
图中绿色背景为实验要求,第三条为需要使用的交换技术。
实验过程如下:
在做配置之前,应该建立一个实验逻辑,即先干什么后干什么;
其中交换需要用到的技术:STP(802.1S),VLAN,TRUNK,SVI,VRRP,CHANNEL,还需要使用DHCP来自动获取地址
顺序为:CHANNEL–>VLAN–>TRUNK–>STP–>VRRP–>DHCP
先将多条现路逻辑的变为一根,这样后面的协议就基于这一根现路来进行运作;然后最基本的创建VLAN,接口划入VLAN;TRUNK干道或者混杂模式模拟写出允许规则;然后可以基于VLAN进行生成树的设计,定义根网桥;然后定义网关,配置IP地址(华为模拟器需要使用SVI接口来配置IP地址,但是真机上可以直接在物理接口上,关闭交换接口之后,配置IP地址);然后进行网关的备份;最后配置DHCP池塘,调用等等…
一、实验配置:交换环境的搭建
1、CHANNEL:
[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0 //创建channel接口
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]eth-trunk 0 //将接口划入channel口
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]eth-trunk 0
[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0 //同SW1
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]eth-trunk 0
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]eth-trunk 0
2、VLAN:
[sw1]vlan 2 //创建VLAN2
[sw2]vlan 2 //同SW1
[sw3]vlan 2 //创建VLAN
[sw3]int e 0/0/1
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access //改接口为ACCESS模式
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 1 //将接口划入VLAN1
[sw3]int e 0/0/2
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access //改接口为ACCESS模式
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2 //将接口划入VLAN2
[sw4]vlan 2
[sw4]int e 0/0/1
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access //同上
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 1
[sw4]int e 0/0/2
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
3、TRUNK:这里我使用hybrid(混杂模式)来模拟trunk
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 2 //混杂模式接口允许VLAN2的流量经过并且打标签(模拟TRUNK)
[sw1]int g0/0/2
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw2]int g0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw2]int g0/0/2
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw3]int g0/0/1
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw3]int g0/0/2
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw4]int g0/0/1
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
[sw4]int g0/0/2
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port hybrid tagged vlan 2
4、生成树:MSTP(802.1S)
[sw1]vlan 2 //创建VLAN2
[sw1]stp mode mstp //生成树协议选择MSTP
[sw1]stp enable //开启生成树协议
[sw1]stp region-configuration //进入协议配置
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 //将VLAN1划入1组
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan2 //将VLAN2划入2组
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration //读取配置
[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary //将SW1设置为组1的根网桥
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary //将SW2设置为组2的根备份网桥
[sw2]vlan 2 //创建VLAN2
[sw2]stp mode mstp //生成树协议选择MSTP
[sw2]stp enable //开启生成树协议
[sw2]stp region-configuration //进入协议配置
[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 //将VLAN1划入1组
[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan2 //将VLAN2划入2组
[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration //读取配置
[sw2]stp instance 2 root primary //将SW2设置为组2的根备份网桥
[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary //将SW1设置为组1的根网桥
[sw3]stp mode mstp //接入层设备只需开启MSTP即可
[sw3]stp enable
[sw4]stp mode mstp
[sw4]stp enable
5、SVI:
[sw1]interface Vlanif 1 //进入svi接口
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.2.253 24 //配置IP地址
[sw1]interface Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.3.253 24
[sw2]interface Vlanif 1 //同上
[sw2-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.2.254 24
[sw2]interface Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.3.254 24
6、VRRP:
[sw1]int Vlanif 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.2.250 //配置虚拟的vrpp的IP地址
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 101 //修改组1的优先级
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 //上层链路追踪
[sw1]int Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.3.250 //VLAN2作为备份只需要拥有IP地址即可
[sw2]int Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.3.250 //配置虚拟的vrpp的IP地址
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 2 priority 101 //修改组1的优先级
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 //上层链路追踪
[sw2]int Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.2.250 //VLAN1作为备份只需要拥有IP地址即可
配置完VRRP后进行查看
[sw1]display vrrp
Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
State : Master //SW1的vlan1为组1的master (主)
Virtual IP : 172.16.2.250
Master IP : 172.16.2.253
PriorityRun : 101
PriorityConfig : 101
MasterPriority : 101
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/3 Priority reduced : 10
IF state : UP
Create time : 2021-06-21 15:41:28 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-06-21 15:41:32 UTC-08:00
Vlanif2 | Virtual Router 2
State : Backup //SW1的vlan2为组2的back up(备份)
Virtual IP : 172.16.3.250
Master IP : 172.16.3.254
PriorityRun : 100
PriorityConfig : 100
MasterPriority : 101
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0102
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Create time : 2021-06-21 15:44:40 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-06-21 15:46:00 UTC-08:00
7、DHCP:
[sw1]dhcp enable //开启DHCP服务
[sw1]ip pool a //创建地址池塘
Info:It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw1-ip-pool-a]network 172.16.2.0 mask 24 //网段
[sw1-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 172.16.2.250 //网关
[sw1-ip-pool-a]dns-list 8.8.8.8 //DNS
[sw1]ip pool b //创建地址池塘
Info:It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw1-ip-pool-a]network 172.16.3.0 mask 24 //网段
[sw1-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 172.16.3.250 //网关
[sw1-ip-pool-a]dns-list 8.8.8.8 //DNS
[sw1]int Vlanif 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global //接口调用地址池塘
[sw1]int Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global
[sw2]dhcp enable //开启DHCP服务
[sw2]ip pool a //创建地址池塘
Info:It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw2-ip-pool-a]network 172.16.2.0 mask 24 //网段
[sw2-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 172.16.2.250 //网关
[sw2-ip-pool-a]dns-list 8.8.8.8 //DNS
[sw2]ip pool b //创建地址池塘
Info:It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[sw2-ip-pool-a]network 172.16.3.0 mask 24 //网段
[sw2-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 172.16.3.250 //网关
[sw2-ip-pool-a]dns-list 8.8.8.8 //DNS
[sw2]int Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global //接口调用地址池塘
[sw2]int Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global
至此,交换环境已搭建完毕,接下来开始进行下面的配置。
进入配置阶段:包括底层配置,路由配置,路由策略,测试和排错;
二、实验配置:三层配置
1、底层配置:
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 12.1.1.2 24 //连接边界IP
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip ad 1.1.1.1 24 &ems p; //模拟公网
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.0.1 30 //连接SW1的IP
[r1]int g0/0/2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.5 30 //连接SW2的IP
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 12.1.1.1 24 //连接公网IP
[sw1]vlan 99 //由于ENSP模拟器无法在三层交换机接口上配置IP地址,所以重新创建一个SVI接口与边界通信
[sw1]int Vlanif 99
[sw1-Vlanif99]ip ad 172.16.0.2 30
[sw1]int g0/0/3
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access //还需将接口变为ACCESS并划入vlan99
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 99
[sw2]vlan 100 //同SW1
[sw2]int Vlanif 100
[sw2-Vlanif99]ip ad 172.16.0.6 30
[sw2]int g0/0/3
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 100
SW1与SW2新设定的SVI接口可相同也可不相同,因为本实验中CHANNEL的TRUNK干道没有允许VLAN99和VLAN100,所以对本实验无影响。
2、路由配置:
[sw1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[sw1-ospf-1]area 0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0 //这里为了安全起见,将核心层的路由配置在骨干区域
[sw1-ospf-1]area 1
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 //将接入层与汇聚层路由配置在区域1
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[sw1-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 //将连接接入层的接口调为静默接口,保证安全且不消耗链路资源
[sw1-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[sw1-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif 2 //且汇聚层的两个交换机只用vlan1来建邻,减小了路由表
此处本应是两个接口都使用,一个用于建邻,一个用于备份建邻,如若有50个vlan,则需使用两个VLAN作为SVI接口来建邻,但本次实验的VLAN个数太少,所以就少用一个。
[sw2]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //同SW1
[sw2-ospf-1]area 0
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0
[sw2-ospf-1]area 1
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[sw2-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[sw2-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[sw2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif 2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.1.1.2 //由于需要交换网络访问ISP,所以需要在r1上配置到达ISP的缺省
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise //将边界上的缺省路由通过五类LSA重发布入交换网络
3、策略配置:
因为交换网络需要访问ISP,所以要在边界上进行地址转换;
[r1]acl 2000
[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
4、测试:
关闭SW1,主机仍能访问ISP
中间会丢一两个包,即选路发生了改变
测试完成
这次写的很不熟练,对于工具的使用还不是很熟练,后面会写一些别的实验总结和学习笔记。