创建线程的三种方式

1：继承Thread类，重写run方法。然后调用该类的start方法启动线程。这里不是调用run方法，不然就是简单的方法的调用而不是多线程了。

public class Main extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("副线程执行-->"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main thread = new Main();
        thread.run();

        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程打印输出-->"+i);
        }
    }
}

练习利用工具类从互联网上下载图片资源。
首先去apache的官网下载jar包https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/download_io.cgi?Preferred=https%3A%2F%2Fdlcdn.apache.org%2F

解压之后如下图所示：然后复制粘贴至我们的工程目录下面。

右键选择add…Library，出现下拉箭头说明成功引如。


编写一个下载器类，调用开启多线程下载互联网上面的图片。

package com;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

public class TestThread001 extends Thread {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread001(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebClassLoader classLoader = new WebClassLoader();
        classLoader.downLoader(url,name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread001 t1 = new TestThread001("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fhbimg.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2e0d49c12b88c43e5eebec445dc9c4cdb572821742aee-eQYeXH_fw658&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fhbimg.b0.upaiyun.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1644133391&t=52b32edfeaed4dfebdbadc932f0addc8","t1.jpg");

        TestThread001 t2 = new TestThread001("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fup.enterdesk.com%2Fedpic%2F92%2F0b%2Fef%2F920bef385fe0f2d7a0c817c6e7a640f4.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fup.enterdesk.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1644133392&t=34126ec7936f6eae6d845632481ebe35","t2.jpg");

        TestThread001 t3 = new TestThread001("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic1.win4000.com%2Fwallpaper%2F4%2F589441d166186.jpg%3Fdown&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic1.win4000.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1644133392&t=ddef9fa93057cecd7257a204837d8b09","t3.jpg");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

    }
}


class WebClassLoader{
    public void downLoader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("图片下载异常!");
        }
    }
}

下载完成后再src的工程根目录下就可以看到图片了。

2：创建类实现Runnable接口重写run方法，然后new一个线程传入这个接口的实现类即可。这种方式可以避免面向对象的类只能单继承的缺点。

package com;

public class TestThread002 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("副线程执行了-->"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TestThread002()).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程执行了-->"+i);
        }
    }

}

演示一个多线程下导致的线程安全问题，要注意只有多线程共享的变量才会出现线程安全问题，

//写一个多线程造成的线程安全问题
class Test{

    static int num = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (num>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(200);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println("卖出了一张车票！火车票还剩余"+--num+"张");
                }
               
            }
        };
        new Thread(runnable).start();
        new Thread(runnable).start();

    }
}

输出：

卖出了一张车票！火车票还剩余0张
卖出了一张车票！火车票还剩余-1张

Process finished with exit code 0

3：创建线程的第三种方式，实现Callable接口，重写call方法。通过Executor的newFixedThreadPoll()方法创建ExecutorService的对象，通过这个对象的submit方法并传入Callable接口的实现类对象启动这个线程，并返回Future对象，通过这个对象的get方法可以获得这个线程的返回值。第三种实现多线程的方式是有返回值的。

package com;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class TestThread003 implements Callable {
    @Override
    public Object call() throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+i);
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        Callable t1 = new TestThread003();
        Callable t2 = new TestThread003();

        Future task1 = service.submit(t1);
        Future task2 = service.submit(t2);
        try {
            System.out.println(task1.get());
            System.out.println(task2.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        service.shutdown();

    }
}