使用Pygame做游戏
Pygame的历史
Pygame是一个利用SDL库的写就的游戏库，SDL呢，全名Simple DirectMedia Layer，是一位叫做Sam Lantinga的大牛写的，据说他为了让Loki（致力于向Linux上移植Windows的游戏的一家大好人公司，可惜已经倒闭，唉好人不长命啊……）更有效的工作，创造了这个东东。
SDL是用C写的，不过它也可以使用C++进行开发，当然还有很多其它的语言，Pygame就是Python中使用它的一个库。Pygame已经存在很多时间了，许多优秀的程序员加入其中，把Pygame做得越来越好。
开发工具：
Python版本：3.6.4
相关模块：
pygame模块；
以及一些Python自带的模块。
安装Python并添加到环境变量，
pip安装需要的相关模块即可。
游戏简介：
玩家通过↑↓←→键控制游戏的主角吃豆人吃掉藏在迷宫内的所有豆子，并且不能被鬼魂抓到。
若能顺利吃完迷宫内的所有豆子并且不被鬼魂抓到，则游戏胜利，否则游戏失败。
Step1：定义游戏精灵类
① 墙类：
② 食物类：
③ 角色类：
角色类包括吃豆人和鬼魂，鬼魂由电脑控制其运动轨迹，吃豆人由玩家控制其运动轨迹。
显然，其均需具备更新角色位置和改变角色运动方向的能力，其源代码如下：
Step2：设计游戏地图
① 创建墙：
② 创建门：
③ 创建角色：
④ 创建食物：
Step3：设计游戏主循环
接下来开始设计游戏主循环。首先是初始化：
然后定义主函数：
其中startLevelGame函数用于开始某一关游戏，其源代码如下：
showText函数用于在游戏结束或关卡切换时在游戏界面中显示提示性文字，其源代码如下：
源代码：
#吃豆子
import os,sys
import sys
import pygame
import random
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
PURPLE = (255, 0, 255)
SKYBLUE = (0, 191, 255)
if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
cur_path = sys._MEIPASS
else:
cur_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
BGMPATH = os.path.join(cur_path, 'resources/sounds/bg.mp3')
ICONPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/icon.png')
FONTPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/font/ALGER.TTF')
HEROPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/pacman.png')
BlinkyPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/Blinky.png')
ClydePATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/Clyde.png')
InkyPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/Inky.png')
PinkyPATH = os.path.join(cur_path,'resources/images/Pinky.png')
NUMLEVELS = 1
class Wall(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, **kwargs):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(color)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
class Food(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, bg_color, **kwargs):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(bg_color)
self.image.set_colorkey(bg_color)
pygame.draw.ellipse(self.image, color, [0, 0, width, height])
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, role_image_path):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.role_name = role_image_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
self.base_image = pygame.image.load(role_image_path).convert()
self.image = self.base_image.copy()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left = x
self.rect.top = y
self.prev_x = x
self.prev_y = y
self.base_speed = [30, 30]
self.speed = [0, 0]
self.is_move = False
self.tracks = []
self.tracks_loc = [0, 0]
def changeSpeed(self, direction):
if direction[0] < 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.flip(self.base_image, True, False)
elif direction[0] > 0:
self.image = self.base_image.copy()
elif direction[1] < 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, 90)
elif direction[1] > 0:
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, -90)
self.speed = [direction[0] * self.base_speed[0], direction[1] * self.base_speed[1]]
return self.speed
def update(self, wall_sprites, gate_sprites):
if not self.is_move:
return False
x_prev = self.rect.left
y_prev = self.rect.top
self.rect.left += self.speed[0]
self.rect.top += self.speed[1]
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_sprites, False)
if gate_sprites is not None:
if not is_collide:
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, gate_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
self.rect.left = x_prev
self.rect.top = y_prev
return False
return True
def randomDirection(self):
return random.choice([[-0.5, 0], [0.5, 0], [0, 0.5], [0, -0.5]])
class Level1():
def __init__(self):
self.info = 'level1'
def setupWalls(self, wall_color):
self.wall_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
wall_positions = [[0, 0, 6, 600],
[0, 0, 600, 6],
[0, 600, 606, 6],
[600, 0, 6, 606],
[300, 0, 6, 66],
[60, 60, 186, 6],
[360, 60, 186, 6],
[60, 120, 66, 6],
[60, 120, 6, 126],
[180, 120, 246, 6],
[300, 120, 6, 66],
[480, 120, 66, 6],
[540, 120, 6, 126],
[120, 180, 126, 6],
[120, 180, 6, 126],
[360, 180, 126, 6],
[480, 180, 6, 126],
[180, 240, 6, 126],
[180, 360, 246, 6],
[420, 240, 6, 126],
[240, 240, 42, 6],
[324, 240, 42, 6],
[240, 240, 6, 66],
[240, 300, 126, 6],
[360, 240, 6, 66],
[0, 300, 66, 6],
[540, 300, 66, 6],
[60, 360, 66, 6],
[60, 360, 6, 186],
[480, 360, 66, 6],
[540, 360, 6, 186],
[120, 420, 366, 6],
[120, 420, 6, 66],
[480, 420, 6, 66],
[180, 480, 246, 6],
[300, 480, 6, 66],
[120, 540, 126, 6],
[360, 540, 126, 6]]
for wall_position in wall_positions:
wall = Wall(*wall_position, wall_color)
self.wall_sprites.add(wall)
return self.wall_sprites
def setupGate(self, gate_color):
self.gate_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.gate_sprites.add(Wall(282, 242, 42, 2, gate_color))
return self.gate_sprites
def setupPlayers(self, hero_image_path, ghost_images_path):
self.hero_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.ghost_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.hero_sprites.add(Player(287, 439, hero_image_path))
for each in ghost_images_path:
role_name = each.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
if role_name == 'Blinky':
player = Player(287, 199, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3],
[0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 5]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Clyde':
player = Player(319, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[-1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 5], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Inky':
player = Player(255, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 10], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3],
[0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 7],
[-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3],
[-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 1]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
elif role_name == 'Pinky':
player = Player(287, 259, each)
player.is_move = True
player.tracks = [[0, -1, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 23], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 19], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3],
[0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 19], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
return self.hero_sprites, self.ghost_sprites
def setupFood(self, food_color, bg_color):
self.food_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row in range(19):
for col in range(19):
if (row == 7 or row == 8) and (col == 8 or col == 9 or col == 10):
continue
else:
food = Food(30*col+32, 30*row+32, 4, 4, food_color, bg_color)
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.wall_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
continue
is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.hero_sprites, False)
if is_collide:
continue
self.food_sprites.add(food)
return self.food_sprites
def startLevelGame(level, screen, font):
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
SCORE = 0
wall_sprites = level.setupWalls(SKYBLUE)
gate_sprites = level.setupGate(WHITE)
hero_sprites, ghost_sprites = level.setupPlayers(HEROPATH, [BlinkyPATH, ClydePATH, InkyPATH, PinkyPATH])
food_sprites = level.setupFood(YELLOW, WHITE)
is_clearance = False
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit(-1)
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([-1, 0])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([1, 0])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([0, -1])
hero.is_move = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.changeSpeed([0, 1])
hero.is_move = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if (event.key == pygame.K_LEFT) or (event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT) or (event.key == pygame.K_UP) or (event.key == pygame.K_DOWN):
hero.is_move = False
screen.fill(BLACK)
for hero in hero_sprites:
hero.update(wall_sprites, gate_sprites)
hero_sprites.draw(screen)
for hero in hero_sprites:
food_eaten = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(hero, food_sprites, True)
SCORE += len(food_eaten)
wall_sprites.draw(screen)
gate_sprites.draw(screen)
food_sprites.draw(screen)
for ghost in ghost_sprites:
if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
ghost.tracks_loc[1] += 1
else:
if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
ghost.tracks_loc[0] += 1
elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 2
else:
ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 0
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
ghost.tracks_loc[1] = 0
if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
else:
if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
loc0 = ghost.tracks_loc[0] + 1
elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
loc0 = 2
else:
loc0 = 0
ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[loc0][0: 2])
ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
ghost_sprites.draw(screen)
score_text = font.render("Score: %s" % SCORE, True, RED)
screen.blit(score_text, [10, 10])
if len(food_sprites) == 0:
is_clearance = True
break
if pygame.sprite.groupcollide(hero_sprites, ghost_sprites, False, False):
is_clearance = False
break
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(10)
return is_clearance
def showText(screen, font, is_clearance, flag=False):
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
msg = 'Game Over!' if not is_clearance else 'Congratulations, you won!'
positions = [[235, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]] if not is_clearance else [[145, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]]
surface = pygame.Surface((400, 200))
surface.set_alpha(10)
surface.fill((128, 128, 128))
screen.blit(surface, (100, 200))
texts = [font.render(msg, True, WHITE),
font.render('Press ENTER to continue or play again.', True, WHITE),
font.render('Press ESCAPE to quit.', True, WHITE)]
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit(-1)
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
if is_clearance:
if not flag:
return
else:
main(initialize())
else:
main(initialize())
elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit(-1)
for idx, (text, position) in enumerate(zip(texts, positions)):
screen.blit(text, position)
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(10)
def initialize():
pygame.init()
icon_image = pygame.image.load(ICONPATH)
pygame.display.set_icon(icon_image)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([606, 606])
pygame.display.set_caption('吃豆子')
return screen
def main(screen):
try:
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load(BGMPATH)
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
except:
pass
pygame.font.init()
font_small = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 18)
font_big = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 24)
for num_level in range(1, NUMLEVELS+1):
if num_level == 1:
level = Level1()
is_clearance = startLevelGame(level, screen, font_small)
if num_level == NUMLEVELS:
showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance, True)
else:
showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(initialize())
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