构造函数
作用
帮助我们初始化对象,所谓初始化就是给对象的每个属性依次赋值
什么时候执行
创建对象的时候执行
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Student zs = new Student(-96,65,89);//会进入对应的构造函数中
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
class Student
{
string _name;
char _gender;
int _age;
int _chinese;
int _math;
int _english;
public int Sum(int chinese,int math,int english)
{
int sum = 0;
sum = chinese + math + english;
return sum;
}
public Student()
{
}
public Student(int age,int chinese,int english):this("张三",'难',-89,84,98,100)//这个构造函数去调用那个比较全的构造函数,关于这里我有个疑问,明明可以直接去调用那个比较全的构造函数非要写得绕来绕去得
{
}
public Student(string name,char gender,int age,int chinese,int math,int english)
{
this.Name = name;
if (gender != '男' && gender != '女') gender = '男';
this.Gender = gender;
if (age < 0 || age > 140) age = 0;
this.Age = age;
if (chinese < 0 || chinese > 100) chinese = 60;
this.Chinese = chinese;
if (math < 0 || math > 100) math = 60;
this.Math = math;
if (english < 0 || english > 100) english = 60;
this.English = english;
}
public string Name { get => _name; set => _name = value; }
public char Gender { get => _gender; set => _gender = value; }
public int Age { get => _age; set => _age = value; }
public int Chinese { get => _chinese; set => _chinese = value; }
public int Math { get => _math; set => _math = value; }
public int English { get => _english; set => _english = value; }
}
特殊点
- 构造函数的函数名称与类名一样
- 构造函数没有返回值,连void都没有
- 类中会有一个默认的无参数的构造函数,如果你写了一个构造函数(不管有参数还是没有参数)之前的那个默认的构造函数都被干掉了
构造函数可以重载,我认为只要是函数都可以重载,所以就没有把重载这一点算到特殊点中去
关键字new
1.new帮我们做了三件事请,暂时可以这么理解,之前我在一个网站上看到new做的事请很复杂
- 在内存中开辟一块空间
- 在开辟的空间中创建对象
- 调用类的构造函数对对象进行初始化
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/ab10df4c893f4956a3740e563de4e558.png
关键字this
作用
- 当前类的对象
- 调用当前类的构造函数
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace blog
{
internal class Test
{
string _name;
int _age;
double _chinese;
double _math;
public string Name
{
set { _name = value; }
get { return _name; }
}
public int Age
{
set
{
if (value < 0 && value > 100) value = 0;
_age = value;
}
get { return _age; }
}
public double Chinese { get => _chinese; set => _chinese = value; }
public double Math { get => _math; set => _math = value; }
public Test(double chinese,double math):this("张三",10,78.5,89.99)//去调那个比较全的构造函数
{
//this.Chinese = chinese;
//this.Math = math;//this表示当前类的对象
}
public Test(string name,int age,double chinese,double math)
{
this.Name = name;
this.Age= age;
this.Chinese= chinese;
this.Math= math;
}
}
}