主从复制配置步骤
1.确保从数据库与主数据库里面的数据一样
2.在主数据库中创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
3.配置主数据库（修改配置文件）
4.配置从数据库（修改配置文件）
5.测试验证
实验需求：
搭建两台mysql服务器，一台作为主服务器，一台作为从服务器，主服务器进行写操作，从服务器进行读操作
环境说明：
| 数据库角色 | ip | 有无数据 |
|---|---|---|
| 主数据库 | 192.168.73.60 | 有数据 |
| 从数据库 | 192.168.73.50 | 无数据 |
分别在主从两台服务器上安装mysql-5.7版本，此处省略安装步骤，如有疑问请参考《二进制格式安装mysql》
1.确保从数据库与主数据库里面的数据一样
为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样，先全备份主数据库并还原到从数据库中
注意：关闭防火墙
1.1模拟主数据库上的数据
mysql> create database han;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database dream;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use dream;
Database changed
mysql> insert into tom (id,name,age) values (1,'xiaoming',20),(2,'lihan',18),(3,'zhangsan',3),(4,'lzh',20),(5,'lnr',13);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
先查看主数据库有哪些库
[root@lzh ~]# mysql
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| han |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| dream |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
再查看从数据库有哪些库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.2全备主库
全备主库时需要另开一个终端，给数据库加上读锁，避免备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
//此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出
备份主库，并将备份文件传送到从库
[root@lzh local]# mysqldump -uroot -p1234.com --all-databases > /root/all-20200508.sql
[root@lzh local]# cd
[root@lzh ~]# ls
all-20200508.sql anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@lzh ~]# scp all-20200508.sql root@192.168.73.50:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.73.50 (192.168.73.50)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:sHodFwijU+GQJ6N3zjFfs/mweEHWoTrqEivFM2n5HEQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:31:e7:89:b4:67:ad:a5:5e:9a:7a:ae:c7:72:ff:c7:36.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.73.50' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.73.50's password:
all-20200508.sql
解除主库的锁表状态
mysql> quit
Bye
在从库上导入主库的备份并查看，确保与主库一致
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p1234.com < /root/all-20200508.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p1234.com -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dream |
| han |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
2.在主库上里创建一个同步账号授权给从库使用
mysql> create user 'lzh'@'192.168.73.50' identified by '1234.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'lzh'@'192.168.73.50';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3.配置主数据库
[root@lzh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
log-bin = mysql-bin //启用binlog日志
server-id = 1 //数据库服务唯一标识符，主库的server-id值必须大于从库
symbolic-links = 0
log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log
重启MySQL服务
[root@lzh ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS!
[root@lzh ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
查看主库的状态
主库的二进制文件为 mysql-bin.000001
pos值为154
[root@lzh ~]# mysql -uroot -p1234.com
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.配置从数据库
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
server-id = 2 //设置从库的唯一标识符，从库的server-id必须值小于主库
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin //启用中继日志relay-log
symbolic-links = 0
log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log
重启从库的mysql服务
[root@client ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@client ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
配置并启动主从复制
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.73.60',
-> MASTER_USER='lzh',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123.com',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', //主库的二进制文件
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=154; //主库pos值
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看从服务器状态
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.73.60
Master_User: lzh
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes **//此处必须为YES**
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes **//此处必须为YES**
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 527
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: c769a978-90d4-11ea-908e-000c291a328e
Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.测试验证
**在主服务器的dream库的tom表中插入数据**mysql> use dream;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dream |
| han |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Database changed
mysql> select * from tom;
+------+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------+------+
| 1 | xiaoming | 20 |
| 2 | lihua | 18 |
| 3 | zhangsan | 3 |
| 4 | lzh | 20 |
| 5 | lnr | 13 |
+------+----------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into tom values (6,'sean',20),(7,'ld',23);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from tom;
+------+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------+------+
| 1 | xiaoming | 20 |
| 2 | lihua | 18 |
| 3 | zhangsan | 3 |
| 4 | lzh | 20 |
| 5 | lnr | 13 |
| 6 | sean | 20 |
| 7 | ld | 23 |
+------+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从数据库中查看数据是否同步
mysql> use dream;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from tom;
+------+----------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------+------+
| 1 | xiaoming | 20 |
| 2 | lihua | 18 |
| 3 | zhangsan | 3 |
| 4 | lzh | 20 |
| 5 | lnr | 13 |
| 6 | sean | 20 |
| 7 | ld | 23 |
+------+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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