sharding-jdbc 配置完，测试类启动报错 Failed to configure a DataSource: ‘url‘ attribute is not specified and no

sharding-jdbc 配置完，测试类启动报错 Failed to configure a DataSource: ‘url’ attribute is not specified and no…

报错如下：

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APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured.

Reason: Failed to determine a suitable driver class


Action:

Consider the following:
	If you want an embedded database (H2, HSQL or Derby), please put it on the classpath.
	If you have database settings to be loaded from a particular profile you may need to activate it (no profiles are currently active).
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [com/alibaba/druid/spring/boot/autoconfigure/DruidDataSourceAutoConfigure.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:944) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918) ~[spring-context-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:730) ~[spring-boot-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:412) ~[spring-boot-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:302) ~[spring-boot-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) ~[spring-boot-test-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) ~[spring-test-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	... 70 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineDriverClassName(DataSourceProperties.java:252) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineUsername(DataSourceProperties.java:346) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.6.0.jar:2.6.0]
	at com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceWrapper.afterPropertiesSet(DruidDataSourceWrapper.java:40) ~[druid-spring-boot-starter-1.2.8.jar:na]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13]
	... 85 common frames omitted

解决方案：
修改pom文件中的sharding-jdbc版本，将4.1.1改为4.0.0-RC1

 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
     <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
     <version>4.0.0-RC1</version>
 </dependency>

改完版本号，应该还会报错:

这时可以在application.properties文件中添加一行配置：

# 解决一个实体类无法对应两张表，做覆盖操作。
spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true

---

application.properties配置 单库水平分表 操作：

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=m1
 
#配置第一个数据源具体内容，包含连接池，驱动，地址，用户名和密码
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/course_db?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.password=root
 
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.course.actual-data-nodes=m1.course_$->{1..2}
 
# 指定course表里面主键cid 生成策略  SNOWFLAKE
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.course.key-generator.column=cid
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.course.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
 
# 指定表分片策略  约定cid值偶数添加到course_1表，如果cid是奇数添加到course_2表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.course.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=cid
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.course.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=course_$->{cid % 2 + 1}
 
# 打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
# 解决一个实体类无法对应两张表，做覆盖操作。
spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true 

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《sharding-jdbc学习笔记》