Java设计模式之建造者模式

场景

• 需要建造一个复杂的产品
• 实际开发中，我们所需要的对象构建起来非常复杂，有很多步骤需要处理

本质

• 分离了对象子组件的单独构造和装配。
• 实现了构造和装配的解耦。构建与装配的不同组合可以构造出不同的对象，实现了更好的复用。

代码示意

需要构建的对象AirShip：持有子组件的引用

public class AirShip {

    private OrbitalModule orbitalModule;//轨道舱

    private Engine engine;//引擎

    private EscapeTower escapeTower;//逃逸塔

    AirShip(OrbitalModule orbitalModule, Engine engine, EscapeTower escapeTower) {
        this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
        this.engine = engine;
        this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
    }

    /**
     * 自己定义其它方法
     */
    public void customMethod() {

    }

    OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() {
        return orbitalModule;
    }

    public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) {
        this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
    }

    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }

    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }

    public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() {
        return escapeTower;
    }

    public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) {
        this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
    }

}

定义Builder接口：

public interface AirShipBuilder {

    OrbitalModule buildOrbitalModule();

    Engine buildEngine();

    EscapeTower buildEscapeTower();
}

定义Director接口：

public interface AirShipDirector {

    AirShip directAirShip();

}

分别定义它们的实现类：

public class MyAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder {
    @Override
    public OrbitalModule buildOrbitalModule() {
        return new OrbitalModule();
    }

    @Override
    public Engine buildEngine() {
        return new Engine();
    }

    @Override
    public EscapeTower buildEscapeTower() {
        return new EscapeTower();
    }
}

public class MyAirShipDirector implements AirShipDirector {

    //持有构建对象的引用
    private MyAirShipBuilder builder;

    MyAirShipDirector(MyAirShipBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }

    @Override
    public AirShip directAirShip() {
        OrbitalModule orbitalModule = builder.buildOrbitalModule();
        Engine engine = builder.buildEngine();
        EscapeTower escapeTower = builder.buildEscapeTower();
        return new AirShip(orbitalModule, engine, escapeTower);
    }
}

构建对象：

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AirShipDirector director = new MyAirShipDirector(new MyAirShipBuilder());
        AirShip airShip = director.directAirShip();
    }
}