(一)单词和短语间
1、当有三个或三个以上并列的单词或短语时,这些单词或短语要用逗号隔开,而且最后一个单词或短语一般都会用and或or连接,如:
My estate goes to my husband, son, daughter-in-law, and nephew.
需要注意的是,这组并列的单词或短语的最后两个单词或短语,一般要用逗号隔开,这个逗号被称作牛津逗号(Oxford comma)。大部分报纸或杂志会省略这个逗号,但有的时候会因此引起歧义,如:
We had coffee, cheese and crackers and grapes.
句中的cheese and crackers其实指的是一道菜,所以最好在crackers后面加上逗号,即:
We had coffee, cheese and crackers, and grapes.
2、当两个前置形容词并列且可以调换顺序时,要用逗号隔开,如:
He is a strong, healthy man. vs. He is a healthy, strong man.
如果两个形容词的位置是不可调换的,则不能用逗号,如:
We stayed at an expensive summer resort.
我们不能说:We stayed at a summer expensive resort.
所以,也不能用逗号隔开两个形容词。
(二)句子之间
1、逗号粘连错误(Comma Splice),指的是有的作者会用逗号隔开两个独立的句子,如:
He walked all the way home, he shut the door.
这在英语里是不允许的,应该通过改变标点符号或是增加连接词改为:
He walked all the way home. He shut the door.
After he walked all the way home, he shut the door.
He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.