三次方程切线过定点
设
f
(
x
)
=
a
x
3
+
b
x
2
+
c
x
+
d
f(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d
f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d,过定点
(
x
0
,
f
(
x
0
)
)
(x_0,f(x_0))
(x0,f(x0))
设切点为
(
x
1
,
f
(
x
1
)
)
(x_1,f(x_1))
(x1,f(x1))
则
f
(
x
)
′
=
3
a
x
2
+
2
b
x
+
c
f(x)'=3ax^2+2bx+c
f(x)′=3ax2+2bx+c
则切线方程为
l
1
:
y
−
(
a
x
1
3
+
b
x
1
2
+
c
x
1
+
d
)
=
(
3
a
x
1
2
+
2
b
x
1
+
c
)
(
x
−
x
1
)
l_1:y-(ax_1^3+bx_1^2+cx_1+d)=(3ax_1^2+2bx_1+c)(x-x_1)
l1:y−(ax13+bx12+cx1+d)=(3ax12+2bx1+c)(x−x1)
带入
(
x
0
,
f
(
x
0
)
)
(x_0,f(x_0))
(x0,f(x0))
得:
a
(
x
0
3
−
x
1
3
)
+
b
(
x
0
2
−
x
1
2
)
+
c
(
x
0
−
x
1
)
=
(
3
a
x
1
2
+
2
b
x
1
+
c
)
(
x
0
−
x
1
)
a(x_0^3-x_1^3)+b(x_0^2-x_1^2)+c(x_0-x_1)=(3ax_1^2+2bx_1+c)(x_0-x_1)
a(x03−x13)+b(x02−x12)+c(x0−x1)=(3ax12+2bx1+c)(x0−x1)
同除
(
x
0
−
x
1
)
(x_0-x_1)
(x0−x1)
得:
a
(
x
0
2
+
x
0
∗
x
1
+
x
1
2
)
+
b
(
x
0
+
x
1
)
+
c
=
3
a
x
1
2
+
2
b
x
1
+
c
a(x_0^2+x_0*x_1+x_1^2)+b(x_0+x_1)+c=3ax_1^2+2bx_1+c
a(x02+x0∗x1+x12)+b(x0+x1)+c=3ax12+2bx1+c
得:
a
(
x
0
2
+
x
0
∗
x
1
−
2
x
1
2
)
+
b
(
x
0
−
x
1
)
=
0
a(x_0^2+x_0*x_1-2x_1^2)+b(x_0-x_1)=0
a(x02+x0∗x1−2x12)+b(x0−x1)=0
同除
(
x
0
−
x
1
)
(x_0-x_1)
(x0−x1)
得:
a
(
x
0
+
2
x
1
)
+
b
=
0
a(x_0+2x_1)+b=0
a(x0+2x1)+b=0
解得:
x
1
=
−
b
a
+
x
0
2
x_1=-\frac{\frac{b}{a}+x_0}{2}
x1=−2ab+x0
得:三次方程切线过定点,该定点为联立方程的两重根,且另一个根与定点有关