Spring之IOC
1.Spring是什么以及作用?
Spring是主要作用体现在:控制反转(IOC)、面向切面(AOP)的容器框架和整合框架的粘合剂,今天我主要解释它的控制反转(IOC)
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的: 解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能: 使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围: 任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
2.什么是控制反转(注入依赖)?
**控制反转(IOC=Inversion of Control)IOC,用白话来讲,
就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中由程序代码直接操控。
这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,
控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IOC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将种依赖关系注入到组件之中。
简单来说就是将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理。
应用场景:
当需求变化非常快的时候,不便于维护,因为维护的权利是属于程序员的,spring的ioc角色解决这一问题的,将维护代码的权力由程序员转教给spring容器来完成。**
Spring 管理Bean(java文件)的注入方式
Spring文件的配置名详情
3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
3.2 class:bean的完整类名
3.3 name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
3.4 scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
3.4.1 singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
3.4.2 prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
3.4 abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
3.5 parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
3.6 init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
3.7 constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
写一个set注入
需要导的依赖jar包
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lix</groupId>
<artifactId>lix_Spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>lix_Spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>lix_Spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
UserAction实体类
package lix.ioc.biz.web;
import java.util.List;
import lix.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* IOC的注入方式以及各类型
* set注入
* 基本类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* @author 20190816
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
/**
* set 注入问题
*/
public void test01() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.imp.UserBizImp01" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.UserAction" id="ua">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
<property name="uname" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>唱歌</value>
<value>跳舞</value>
<value>篮球</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.OrderAction" id="oa">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试IOCTest
package lix.ioc.biz.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import lix.ioc.biz.web.OrderAction;
import lix.ioc.biz.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
// userAction.upload();
ApplicationContext springcontext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction useraction=(UserAction) springcontext.getBean("ua");
// OrderAction orderaction=(OrderAction) springcontext.getBean("oa");
// useraction.upload();
// orderaction.upload();
useraction.test01();//调用方法
}
}
执行结果
** UserBizImp02**
package lix.ioc.biz.imp;
import lix.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImp02 implements UserBiz{
public void upload() {
System.out.println("实现用户上传功能");
System.out.println("实现客户优化功能");
}
}
spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
default-autowire="byType"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.imp.UserBizImp02" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.UserAction" id="ua">
<!-- set注入property标签 -->
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="uname" value="zhangsan"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="age" value="18"></property> -->
<!-- set注入property标签 -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="小吴"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="19"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>唱歌</value>
<value>跳舞</value>
<value>篮球</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.OrderAction" id="oa">
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
</bean>
</beans>
测试IOCTest
package lix.ioc.biz.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import lix.ioc.biz.web.OrderAction;
import lix.ioc.biz.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
// userAction.upload();
ApplicationContext springcontext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction useraction=(UserAction) springcontext.getBean("ua");
OrderAction orderaction=(OrderAction) springcontext.getBean("oa");
useraction.upload();
orderaction.upload();
// useraction.test01();
}
}
执行结果
Spring与Web项目的集成
WEB项目如何读取spring上下文
通过监听器实现ServletContextListener
contextConfigLocation:classpath:applicationContext-*.xml
-
spring.pom
spring-context
spring-orm
spring-web
spring-aspects
注:创建spring的XML文件时,需要添加beans/aop/tx/context标签支持 -
简介
spring-context.xml
ioc
set注入
基本数据类型注入
集合注入
对象注入
构造注入
基本数据类型注入
自动装配 -
tomcat整合ioc容器
需要导入的依赖包pomxml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
创建一个SpringloaderListener类(监听器类)
package lix.ioc.biz.lisener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* spring z作为管理整个工程中的所有的javabean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问导JavaBean
* @author 20190816
* 处理方式:
* 在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文进行管理
* 浏览器--》request--》servletContext--》SpringContext--》任意JavaBean
*
*/
@WebListener
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发了");
ServletContext tomcatContext=sce.getServletContext();
String springXmlLocation=tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
System.out.println("spring的上下文配置文件:"+springXmlLocation);
ApplicationContext springContext=null;
if(springXmlLocation==null || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
springContext=(ApplicationContext) new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext().getBean("/spring-context.xml");
}else {
springContext=(ApplicationContext) new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);
}
tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
}
}
配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 监听器的参数 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
创建一个userServlet
package lix.ioc.biz.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理用户请求");
ApplicationContext springContext=(ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key");
UserAction useraction=(UserAction) springContext.getBean("ua");
useraction.upload();
}
}
注意!!!!这里需要在创建一个spring-other.xml(把spring-context.xml的内容复制进去)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
default-autowire="byType"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.imp.UserBizImp02" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.UserAction" id="ua">
<!-- set注入property标签 -->
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="uname" value="zhangsan"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="age" value="18"></property> -->
<!-- set注入property标签 -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="小吴"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="19"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>唱歌</value>
<value>跳舞</value>
<value>篮球</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="lix.ioc.biz.web.OrderAction" id="oa">
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
</bean>
</beans>
执行Userservlet的结果