VSCode+mingw/VSCode+CMake+mingw windows VSCode c++环境搭建

一、 软件环境安装

1.VSCode及插件安装

1.1 VSCode下载

VSCode官网下载
本地下载(免安装版本)

User Installer版：会安装在当前计算机帐户目录,意味着如果使用另一个帐号登陆计算机将无法使用别人安装的vscode。
System Installer版：安装在非用户目录,例如C盘根目录,任何帐户都可以使用。(建议使用此版本)
vscode默认提供的User Installer版,大多数人都是用的这个版本。
选择自己需要的版本下载就可以了，安装比较简单这里就不详述了

1.2 插件

C/C++
C++ Intellisense
CMake
CMake tools
Chinese(中文语言选装)

2.mingw安装

2.1 下载

mingw官网下载
本地下载
进入往下拉

2.2 解压至自定义目录

2.3 配置环境变量

进入高级系统设置->环境变量

根据自己的解压路径配置，我的路径为：C:\Program Files\mingw64\bin
找到path点击进去新建

2.4 环境检查

WIN+R 输入cmd进入控制台输入：gcc -v

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\WorkSpace>gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=C:/Program\ Files/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-8.1.0/configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw64 --with-sysroot=/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 --enable-shared --enable-static --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-threads=posix --enable-libgomp --enable-libatomic --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-checking=release --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-bootstrap --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=core2 --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpfr=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpc=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-isl=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-pkgversion='x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project' --with-bugurl=https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64 CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CPPFLAGS=' -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' LDFLAGS='-pipe -fno-ident -L/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/lib '
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)

3.CMake安装

3.1 下载

CMake官网下载
本地下载

3.2 解压至自定义目录

解压并更名

3.3 配置环境变量

根据自己的解压路径配置，我的路径为：C:\Program Files\cmake\bin
找到path点击进去新建

3.3 环境检查

WIN+R 输入cmd进入控制台输入：cmake -version

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\share>cmake -version
cmake version 3.24.0-rc2
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

二、VSCode+mingw的配置

1. 配置

在前面已经讲过mingw的配置，这里不再重复，着重VSCode 工程配置
新建vsCodeSpace文件夹,用来放VSCode的项目，名称可以自定义
在vsCodeSpace文件夹下创建一个.vscode文件夹，这个名称固定的，并创建3个文件
分别是c_cpp_properties.json，launch.json，tasks.json
在vsCodeSpace文件夹下创建一个Test的子文件夹放代码，名称可以自定义，然后在文件夹下创建C/C++文件，比如我这里创建main.cpp，具体如下：

1.1 c_cpp_properties.json配置

{
    "configurations": [
        {
          "name": "Win32",
          "includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],
          "defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE", "_UNICODE"],
          "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.17763.0",
          "compilerPath": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",   /*修改成自己bin目录下的g++.exe，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
          "cStandard": "c11",
          "cppStandard": "c++17",
          "intelliSenseMode": "${default}"
        }
      ],
      "version": 4
}

1.2 launch.json配置

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",		/*修改成自己bin目录下的gdb.exe，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "task g++"
        }
    ]
}

1.3 tasks.json配置

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558 
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
        "type": "shell",
        "label": "task g++",
        "command": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",	/*修改成自己bin目录下的g++.exe，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
        "args": [
            "-g",
            "${file}",
            "-o",
            "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "-I",
            "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\share\\vsCodeSpace\\Test",      /*修改成自己放c/c++项目的文件夹，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
            "-std=c++17"
        ],
        "options": {
            "cwd": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin"	/*修改成自己bin目录，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
        },
        "problemMatcher":[
            "$gcc"
        ],
        "group": "build",
        
        }
   
}

1.4 关于多文件编译 tasks.json的修改

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558 
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
        "type": "shell",
        "label": "task g++",
        "command": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",	/*修改成自己bin目录下的g++.exe，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
        "args": [
            "-g",
            "${workspaceFolder}\\*.cpp",/*针对多文件编译配置，也可放入绝对路径*/
            "-o",
            "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "-I",
            "${workspaceFolder}",      /*这里也可以放绝对路径 比如上一个tasks.json*/
            "-std=c++17"
        ],
        "options": {
            "cwd": "C:\\Program Files\\mingw64\\bin"	/*修改成自己bin目录，这里的路径和电脑里复制的文件目录有一点不一样，这里是两个反斜杠\\*/
        },
        "problemMatcher":[
            "$gcc"
        ],
        "group": "build",
        
        }
    ]
}

2.测试

按照顺序点击


出现hello代表成功了，还有要点一下main.cpp是因为比如点在json文件上时会出现错误：vscode file format not recognized;

三、VSCode+CMake+mingw的配置

1.配置

1.1 环境要求

这里需要把mingw的bin目录中mingw32-make.exe修改为make.exe
运行gcc -v

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\share\vsCodeSpaceCmake>gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=C:/Program\ Files/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-8.1.0/configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw64 --with-sysroot=/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 --enable-shared --enable-static --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-threads=posix --enable-libgomp --enable-libatomic --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-checking=release --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-bootstrap --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=core2 --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpfr=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpc=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-isl=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-pkgversion='x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project' --with-bugurl=https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64 CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CPPFLAGS=' -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' LDFLAGS='-pipe -fno-ident -L/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/lib '
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)

运行make -v

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\share\vsCodeSpaceCmake>make -v
GNU Make 4.2.1
Built for x86_64-w64-mingw32
Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

1.2 工程目录

在vsCodeSpaceCmake创建一个Test文件夹放VScode工程

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
project(vscode_cmake_Test)
aux_source_directory(. DIR_TOOT_SRCS)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -g")
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${DIR_TOOT_SRCS})

main.cpp随意写点代码
ok 就可以打开工程了

1.3 VSCode配置

一般刚安装CMake插件后 会自动提示你选择一个编译工具链，如果没有提示或者想更换其他编译工具链，那么可以通过ctrl+shifl+p,输入以下指令，然后在弹出框中选择自己安装的编译工具链

ok 这就配置完成

2. 测试

按顺序点击 看输出日志

这样就ok了

四、控制台乱码（补充）

最简单快捷的方法是在main函数第一行添加如下代码：

	system("chcp 65001");