MySQL—分组查询

语法：

SELECT 
  查询列表 
FROM
  表 【where 筛选条件】 
GROUP BY 分组的字段 【order BY 排序的字段】;

特点：

1、 和分组函数一同查询的字段必须是group by后出现的字段

2、筛选分为两类：分组前筛选和分组后筛选

	        针对的表			         位置		       连接的关键字
分组前筛选	原始表			        group by前	         where
分组后筛选	group by后的结果集       group by后	         having

• 分组函数做筛选能不能放在where后面。答：不能
• where——group by——having
  一般来讲，能用分组前筛选的，尽量使用分组前筛选，提高效率

3、分组可以按单个字段也可以按多个字段
4、可以搭配着排序使用

1、简单的分组
案例1：查询每个工种的员工平均工资

SELECT 
  AVG(salary),
  job_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY job_id ;

案例2：查询每个位置的部门个数

SELECT 
  COUNT(*),
  location_id 
FROM
  departments 
GROUP BY location_id ;

2、可以实现分组前的筛选

案例1：查询邮箱中包含a字符的 每个部门的最高工资

SELECT 
  MAX(salary),
  department_id 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE email LIKE '%a%' 
GROUP BY department_id ;

案例2：查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资

SELECT 
  AVG(salary),
  manager_id 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY manager_id ;

3、分组后筛选
案例：查询哪个部门的员工个数>5
①查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT 
  COUNT(*),
  department_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY department_id ;

② 筛选刚才①结果

SELECT 
  COUNT(*),
  department_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY department_id 
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5 ;

案例2：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资

SELECT 
  job_id,
  MAX(salary) 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY job_id 
HAVING MAX(salary) > 12000 ;

案例3：领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资大于5000的领导编号和最低工资

1. 查询每个领导手下的员工固定最低工资

SELECT 
  MIN(salary),
  manager_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY manager_id 

2. 添加筛选条件，编号>102

SELECT 
  MIN(salary),
  manager_id 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE manager_id > 102 
GROUP BY manager_id 

3、添加筛选条件：最低工资大于5000

SELECT 
  MIN(salary),
  manager_id 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE manager_id > 102 
GROUP BY manager_id 
HAVING MIN(salary) > 5000 ;

4.添加排序
案例：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序

SELECT 
  job_id,
  MAX(salary) m 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY job_id 
HAVING m > 6000 
ORDER BY m ;

5.按多个字段分组
案例：查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序

SELECT 
  MIN(salary),
  job_id,
  department_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY department_id,
  job_id 
ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC ;

练习巩固

1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值，最小值，平均值，总和，并按job_id升序

SELECT 
  MAX(salary),
  MIN(salary),
  AVG(salary),
  SUM(salary),
  job_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY job_id 
ORDER BY job_id ;

2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距（DIFFERENCE）

SELECT 
  MAX(salary) - MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE 
FROM
  employees ;

3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资，其中最低工资不能低于6000，没有管理者的员工不计算在内

SELECT 
  MIN(salary),
  manager_id 
FROM
  employees 
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY manager_id 
HAVING MIN(salary) >= 6000 ;

4.查询所有部门的编号，员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序

SELECT 
  department_id,
  COUNT(*),
  AVG(salary) a 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY department_id 
ORDER BY a DESC ;

5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数

SELECT 
  COUNT(*) 个数,
  job_id 
FROM
  employees 
GROUP BY job_id ;