关于软件管理

1.用rpm命令处理软件

rpm -i	安装
rpm -v	显示过程
rpm -h	hash加密
rpm -e	卸载
rpm -q	查看
rpm -a	所有
rpm -p	软件包
rpm -ql	查看软件在系统中的安装文件路径
rpm -qlp	查看未安装的软件包在系统中如果安装后产生文件的路径
rpm -qf	根据某个文件找出此文件属于哪个安装包
rpm -qc	查看软件的配置文件名称
rpm -qd	查看软件的帮助文件
rpm --scritps	查看脚本
rpm --nodeps	安装软件忽略软件依赖
rpm -force	强行安装软件
rpm -Kv	检测软件包是否被篡改

2.yum

1.yum命令的使用必须是在yum源搭建成功后才能正常运行

2.yum命令的详细用法

yum clean all	清除原有yum源
yum repolist	列出仓库信息
yum install software	安装
yum update	更新
yum list software	查看软件
yum list all	查看所有软件
yum list installed	列出已安装软件
yum list available	列出可安装的软件
yum reinstall software	重新安装
yum remove software	卸载
yum info software	查看软件信息
yum search software信息	根据软件信息查找软件
yum whatprovides file	根据文件找出包含此文件的软件
yum history	查看系统中软件管理信息
yum history info 数字	对该数字为id的信息进行显示
yum groups list	列出软件组
yum groups info	查看软件组的信息
yum groups install sfgroup	安装软件组
yum groups remove sfgroup	卸载软件组

3.配置本地yum源

1.前提：有一台能够连上真机网络的虚拟机或虚拟机快照

2.获得与本机系统版本一致的镜像

• 查看系统版本：hostnamectl

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl
   Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: c84d1e71dedd4a6494f7a8c4056b6643
           Boot ID: 8d3382cd78aa4b13818adcf570a9fd5b
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.3 (Maipo)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.3:GA:server
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

• 从真机下载镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# scp root@172.25.254.79:/home/kiosk/Desktop/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.79 (172.25.254.79)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is b8:a2:3e:c2:23:27:52:59:36:0a:98:5d:e4:3a:26:0b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.79' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.25.254.79's password: 
rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso                100% 3618MB  41.1MB/s   01:28   

3.配置本地yum源

• 挂载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /westos   ##新建可挂载的目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/    ##显示镜像名称
rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso
[root@localhost ~]# mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /westos/     ##将镜像挂载到westos目录下
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# cd /westos/   
[root@localhost westos]# ls   
addons  images      Packages                 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI     isolinux    release-notes            TRANS.TBL
EULA    LiveOS      repodata
GPL     media.repo  RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

• 设定永久挂载： vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
  编辑的内容为：mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /westos
  给 /etc/rc.d/rc.local添加权限：chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
  开机自启动文件：/etc/rc.d/rc.local
• 设定系统安装源指向
  编辑 westos.repo的内容为：

[westos]	软件库的名字，任意写，仓库名称
name=aaa	软件库的描述信息，任意写 ，对软件源的描述
baseurl=file:///westos	软件安装访问地址， 网络安装源
gpgcheck=0	不让红帽公司检测这台虚拟机要下载的第三方软件是否授权，不检测gpgkey
enabled=1	让以上操作生效，此安装源语句块生效

注意： file://为访问方式 /westos为访问目录，gpg是pgp的非商业版

[root@localhost westos]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/   ##切换到/yum.repo.d/目录下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim westos.repo   ##编辑的文件必须以.repo结尾
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all   ##清除原有的yum源
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: westos
Cleaning up everything
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist   ##列出仓库信息
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
westos                                                   | 4.1 kB     00:00     
(1/2): westos/group_gz                                     | 136 kB   00:00     
(2/2): westos/primary_db                                   | 3.9 MB   00:00     
repo id                                repo name                          status
westos                                 aaa                                4,751
repolist: 4,751

4.共享型yum源的部署

1.在一台已经配置好本地yum源的主机中安装httpd

• yum install httpd
  
  

2.配置网络yum源

systemctl start httpd	打开httpd服务
systemctl enable httpd	启用httpd
systemctl stop firewalld	关闭火墙
systemctl disable firewalld	禁用防火墙
mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.3	创建目录
mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.3	挂载镜像
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local	编辑文件，实现永久挂载
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local	添加权限
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo	编辑yum源文件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start httpd   
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# netstat -antlupe | grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      0          41602      4431/httpd          
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
[root@localhost html]# mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.3
[root@localhost html]# mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.3
mount: /dev/loop1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo

• 编辑 westos.repo的内容为：

[westos]
name=aaa
baseurl=http://172.25.254.70/rhel7.3
gpgcheck=0

• 注意：将镜像挂载在 /var/www/html 下才能共享yum源

3.配置成功如下图所示：

5.第三方软件仓库的搭建

1.将所有的rpm包放到一个目录中

[root@localhost ~]# ls /software/
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
kolourpaint-4.10.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
kolourpaint-libs-4.10.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq_2.0.0-b1-1024_x86_64.rpm
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

2.createrepo -v /software/ 命令执行成功会生成repodate目录

[root@localhost ~]# createrepo -v /software/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /software/
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
kolourpaint-4.10.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
kolourpaint-libs-4.10.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq_2.0.0-b1-1024_x86_64.rpm
repodata
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

3.vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo  westos.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim westos.repo

• 编辑内容如下：

[software]
name=software
baseurl=file:///software
gpgcheck=0

4.查看yum list available

[root@localhost ~]# yum list available
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
              : subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Available Packages
FluffyMcAwesome-A.x86_64           6.4.0-11.r19335              software
FluffyMcAwesome-B.x86_64           6.4.0-11.r19335              software
kolourpaint.x86_64                 4.10.5-4.el7                 software
kolourpaint-libs.x86_64            4.10.5-4.el7                 software
linuxqq.x86_64                     2.0.0-b1                     software
wps-office.x86_64                  10.1.0.5672-1.a21            software