准备工作
CREATE DATABASE db;
USE db;
CREATE TABLE student(
sid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
sname VARCHAR(255),
age INT
)
CREATE TABLE course(
cid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cname VARCHAR(255),
credits INT
)
CREATE TABLE grade(
gid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
gsid INT,
gcid INT,
score FLOAT,
CONSTRAINT `fk1` FOREIGN KEY (`gsid`) REFERENCES `student`(`sid`),
CONSTRAINT `fk2` FOREIGN KEY (`gcid`) REFERENCES `course`(`cid`)
)
INSERT INTO student(sname,age) VALUES('张三',15),('李四',13),('王五',17),('赵六',14),('刘七',16)
INSERT INTO course(cname,credits) VALUES('语文',2),('数学',3),('英语',1)
INSERT INTO grade(gsid,gcid,score) VALUES(1,1,75.2),(1,2,56.8),(1,3,36.0),(2,1,98.2),(2,2,72.2),(2,3,88),
(3,1,78.2),(3,2,62.5),(3,3,91),(4,1,86.5),(4,2,98.8),(4,3,36),(5,1,82),(5,2,85),(5,3,79.6)
以上三张表的第一列都是主键自增的,成绩表与学生表和课程表建立了外键,有依赖关系。
一、单表查询
SELECT * FROM student WHERE age != 16
SELECT * FROM student WHERE age in (13,15,17)
SELECT * FROM student WHERE sname LIKE '张%'
SELECT * FROM grade ORDER BY score DESC
SELECT gsid,CAST(SUM(score) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) FROM grade GROUP BY gsid
二、多表查询
SELECT sname,CAST(SUM(score) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) FROM student,grade WHERE student.sid = grade.gsid GROUP BY gsid
SELECT sname,score FROM student,grade WHERE student.sid = grade.gsid AND grade.gcid = 2 ORDER BY score DESC
SELECT sname,cname,score FROM (SELECT gsid,gcid,score FROM grade ORDER BY score DESC) tmp,student,course
WHERE tmp.gsid = student.sid AND tmp.gcid = course.cid GROUP BY tmp.gsid
SELECT cname '科目', CAST(AVG(score) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) '平均分' FROM course,grade WHERE course.cid = grade.gcid GROUP BY gcid
- join 连接
内连接,左右表必须都不为空才返回,否则不返回。
注意 on
和 where
关键字在这里的区别,on
是在生成临时表时起作用,表现了返回结果表的条件;where
是在生成了结果表之后再对结果表进行过滤,此时相当于单表的 where
语句。
SELECT a.sname,b.gcid,b.score FROM student a JOIN grade b ON a.sid = b.gsid WHERE b.score > 80
left join
和 right join
和 inner join (join)
类似,区别是 left join
以左表为主,只要左表不为空,即返回该行数据,right join
与之相反。