网页默认样式、重置样式表

《个人学习笔记十五》

默认样式

• 通常情况下啊，浏览器都会为元素设置一些默认的样式
• 默认样式的存在会影响到页面的布局
• 通常情况下编写网页时必须要去除浏览器的默认样式

重置样式表

• 重置样式表，专门用来对浏览器的样式进行重置

推荐两个好用的重置样式表
reset.css 直接去除浏览器的默认样式
normalize.css 对默认样式进行了统一
reset.css代码如下：

html {
    -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    height: 100%;
}

body {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, STHeiTi, Arial, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #333;
    background-color: #fff;
    min-height: 100%;
}

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
    display: block;
}

audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
    display: inline-block;
}

audio:not([controls]) {
    display: none;
    height: 0;
}

progress {
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

[hidden],
template {
    display: none;
}

a {
    background: transparent;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #08c;
}

a:active {
    outline: 0;
}

abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}

b,
strong {
    font-weight: bold;
}

dfn {
    font-style: italic;
}

mark {
    background: #ff0;
    color: #000;
}

small {
    font-size: 80%;
}

sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}

sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    border: 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

svg:not(:root) {
    overflow: hidden;
}

pre {
    overflow: auto;
    white-space: pre;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, monospace;
    font-size: 1em;
}

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
    color: inherit;
    font: inherit;
    margin: 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

button,
input,
select {
    overflow: visible;
}

button,
select {
    text-transform: none;
}

button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
    cursor: pointer;
}

[disabled] {
    cursor: default;
}

button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

input {
    line-height: normal;
}

input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 0;
}

input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
    height: auto;
}

input[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}

fieldset {
    border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
    margin: 0 2px;
    padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}

legend {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

textarea {
    overflow: auto;
    resize: vertical;
    vertical-align: top;
}

optgroup {
    font-weight: bold;
}

input,
select,
textarea {
    outline: 0;
}

textarea,
input {
    -webkit-user-modify: read-write-plaintext-only;
}

input::-ms-clear,
input::-ms-reveal {
    display: none;
}

input::-moz-placeholder,
textarea::-moz-placeholder {
    color: #999;
}

input:-ms-input-placeholder,
textarea:-ms-input-placeholder {
    color: #999;
}

input::-webkit-input-placeholder,
textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder {
    color: #999;
}

.placeholder {
    color: #999;
}

table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
}

td,
th {
    padding: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
p,
figure,
form,
blockquote {
    margin: 0;
}

ul,
ol,
li,
dl,
dd {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

ul,
ol {
    list-style: none outside none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
    line-height: 2;
    font-weight: normal;
}

h1 {
    font-size: 18px;
}

h2 {
    font-size: 16px;
}

h3 {
    font-size: 14px;
}

i {
    font-style: normal;
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.clearfix::before,
.clearfix::after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
}

.clearfix::after {
    clear: both;
}

normalize.css 代码如下：

html {
    line-height: 1.15;
    /* 1 */
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    /* 2 */
}


/* Sections
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * Remove the margin in all browsers.
   */

body {
    margin: 0;
}


/**
   * Render the `main` element consistently in IE.
   */

main {
    display: block;
}


/**
   * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
   * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
   */

h1 {
    font-size: 2em;
    margin: 0.67em 0;
}


/* Grouping content
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
   * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
   */

hr {
    box-sizing: content-box;
    /* 1 */
    height: 0;
    /* 1 */
    overflow: visible;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
   * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
   */

pre {
    font-family: monospace, monospace;
    /* 1 */
    font-size: 1em;
    /* 2 */
}


/* Text-level semantics
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
   */

a {
    background-color: transparent;
}


/**
   * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
   * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
   */

abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: none;
    /* 1 */
    text-decoration: underline;
    /* 2 */
    text-decoration: underline dotted;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
   */

b,
strong {
    font-weight: bolder;
}


/**
   * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
   * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
   */

code,
kbd,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, monospace;
    /* 1 */
    font-size: 1em;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * Add the correct font size in all browsers.
   */

small {
    font-size: 80%;
}


/**
   * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
   * all browsers.
   */

sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}

sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}


/* Embedded content
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
   */

img {
    border-style: none;
}


/* Forms
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
   * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
   */

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
    font-family: inherit;
    /* 1 */
    font-size: 100%;
    /* 1 */
    line-height: 1.15;
    /* 1 */
    margin: 0;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * Show the overflow in IE.
   * 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
   */

button,
input {
    /* 1 */
    overflow: visible;
}


/**
   * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
   * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
   */

button,
select {
    /* 1 */
    text-transform: none;
}


/**
   * Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
   */

button,
[type="button"],
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
}


/**
   * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
   */

button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner {
    border-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}


/**
   * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
   */

button:-moz-focusring,
[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring {
    outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}


/**
   * Correct the padding in Firefox.
   */

fieldset {
    padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}


/**
   * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
   * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
   * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
   *    `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
   */

legend {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    /* 1 */
    color: inherit;
    /* 2 */
    display: table;
    /* 1 */
    max-width: 100%;
    /* 1 */
    padding: 0;
    /* 3 */
    white-space: normal;
    /* 1 */
}


/**
   * Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
   */

progress {
    vertical-align: baseline;
}


/**
   * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
   */

textarea {
    overflow: auto;
}


/**
   * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
   * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
   */

[type="checkbox"],
[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    /* 1 */
    padding: 0;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
   */

[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
    height: auto;
}


/**
   * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
   * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
   */

[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield;
    /* 1 */
    outline-offset: -2px;
    /* 2 */
}


/**
   * Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
   */

[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}


/**
   * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
   * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
   */

 ::-webkit-file-upload-button {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
    /* 1 */
    font: inherit;
    /* 2 */
}


/* Interactive
     ========================================================================== */


/*
   * Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
   */

details {
    display: block;
}


/*
   * Add the correct display in all browsers.
   */

summary {
    display: list-item;
}


/* Misc
     ========================================================================== */


/**
   * Add the correct display in IE 10+.
   */

template {
    display: none;
}


/**
   * Add the correct display in IE 10.
   */

[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

这两个重置样式表在自己的项目中创建两个css文件，把代码拷过去就可以直接调用