docker 的常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-08 17:01:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-08 17:01:55 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： linux centos

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45632313/article/details/123717342

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帮助命令

docker version  # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info   # 显示docker的系统详细信息， 包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  # 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@master mysql]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATED     镜像创建的时间
SIZE        镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 列出所有的镜像
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@master mysql]# docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12301     [OK]       
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4731      [OK]       

# 可选项 通过搜索来过滤
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
列如：--filter=STARS=3000   # 搜索出来的STAR就是大于3000的
[root@master mysql]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12301     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4731      [OK]       
[root@master mysql]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12301     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像  docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@master mysql]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  # 如果不写版本，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete   # 分层下载，docker images的核心，联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709  # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 真实地址

# 等价命令
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@master mysql]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

在这里插入图片描述
docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@master mysql]# docker rmi -f 镜像id  # 删除指定的镜像
[root@master mysql]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id  # 删除多个镜像， 通过空格分隔
[root@master mysql]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

[root@master mysql]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"     容器名字   tomcat01   tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d                后台方式运行
-it               使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                指定容器得端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p   ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p   主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
	-p   容器端口
-P                随机指定端口 


# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@master ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4fc24605e227 /]# ls    # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@4fc24605e227 /]# ls 
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@4fc24605e227 /]# exit
exit
[root@master /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

列出所有运行的容器

#  docker ps 命令
	# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a  # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=?  # 显示最近创建的容器  ?个数
-q  @ 只显示容器的编号
[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@master /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
4fc24605e227   centos         "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             affectionate_galois
2aa68d6aa506   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      13 days ago     Exited (0) 13 days ago               optimistic_grothendieck

退出容器

exit   # 直接停止容器并退出
ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id     # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id    # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id  # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id     # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id     # 强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@master /]# docker run -d centos

#  问题docker ps，发现 centos停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 例如：nginx容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42
                       minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for
                       42 minutes)

# 显示指定容器id的10条日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 d88abebff96e

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@master /]# docker top d88abebff96e
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4585                4564                0                   15:32               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@master /]# docker inspect d88abebff96e
[
    {
        "Id": "d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84",
        "Created": "2022-04-01T07:32:54.404835454Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4585,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-04-01T07:32:54.659816008Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84/d88abebff96e5e4978e1ddd500b060bb693292e2d5127c84279056c2b7192d84-json.log",
        "Name": "/nice_kare",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/930dd58d14c5dff7e3ff5d27a7a824ee875c0b3f82ffd28e9891496450c20ad5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/239cc6cb988488ace1b8911fb49e79c0679a564bc157420bbcb9104e4ca76184/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/930dd58d14c5dff7e3ff5d27a7a824ee875c0b3f82ffd28e9891496450c20ad5/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/930dd58d14c5dff7e3ff5d27a7a824ee875c0b3f82ffd28e9891496450c20ad5/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/930dd58d14c5dff7e3ff5d27a7a824ee875c0b3f82ffd28e9891496450c20ad5/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d88abebff96e",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "21d4f35ef7f72d2cefef8eda795383a53dc4b2c9551960b0cef9fe9914215636",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/21d4f35ef7f7",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "5f688bade0e1b6969099cd557d2755d04dec37a91f2a3c20aecc4c27b8c813a3",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "a39ec372ec3762e616eea1af3a96d89e86119c78eaf6279102397eb7e95c2c8c",
                    "EndpointID": "5f688bade0e1b6969099cd557d2755d04dec37a91f2a3c20aecc4c27b8c813a3",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d88abebff96e   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             nice_kare
[root@master /]# docker exec -it d88abebff96e /bin/bash
[root@d88abebff96e /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@d88abebff96e /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 07:32 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        16     0  0 07:49 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        31    16  0 07:50 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id

# 测试
[root@master /]# docker attach d88abebff96e

# docker exec   # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach  # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的

将容器内文件拷贝到主机上

# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目前的主机路径

学无止境！

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docker 的常用命令

帮助命令docker version # 显示docker的版本信息docker info # 显示docker的系统详细信息，包括镜像和容器的数量docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/镜像命令docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像[root@master mysql]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID
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