DockerFile中 CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

测试cmd

# 编写 dockerfile 文件
[root@master dockerfile]# vi dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos:7
CMD ["ls","-a"]

# 构建镜像
[root@master dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t cmdtest .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos:7
 ---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 90aba815e996
Removing intermediate container 90aba815e996
 ---> 2cbbda835b7a
Successfully built 2cbbda835b7a
Successfully tagged cmdtest:latest

# run运行，发现我们的ls -a 命令生效
[root@master dockerfile]# docker run cmdtest
.
..
.dockerenv
anaconda-post.log
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

# 想追加一个命令 -l   ls -al
[root@master dockerfile]# docker run cmdtest -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create shim: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled

# cmd的情况下， -l替换了CMD ["ls","-a"]命令， -l 不是命令所以报错！
# 正确的如下
[root@master dockerfile]# docker run cmdtest ls -al
total 64
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 06:57 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 06:57 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root     0 Apr 26 06:57 .dockerenv
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 12114 Nov 13  2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root   340 Apr 26 06:57 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 06:57 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Nov 13  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 107 root root     0 Apr 26 06:57 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 Nov 13  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Mar 18 09:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x  18 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 var

测试ENTRYPOINT

[root@master dockerfile]# vi dockerfile-entrypoint-test
FROM centos:7
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]

[root@master dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint-test -t entrypoint-test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos:7
 ---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 79cf81a877a8
Removing intermediate container 79cf81a877a8
 ---> 576d4866d0d2
Successfully built 576d4866d0d2
Successfully tagged entrypoint-test:latest

# 我们的追加命令是直接拼接在我们的 ENTRYPOINT 命令的后面！
[root@master dockerfile]# docker run 576d4866d0d2
.
..
.dockerenv
anaconda-post.log
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
[root@master dockerfile]# docker run 576d4866d0d2 -l
total 64
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 07:01 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 07:01 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root     0 Apr 26 07:01 .dockerenv
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 12114 Nov 13  2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root   340 Apr 26 07:01 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  4096 Apr 26 07:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Nov 13  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 108 root root     0 Apr 26 07:01 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 Nov 13  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Mar 18 09:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x  18 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 var

DockerFile中很多命令都十分的相似，我们需要了解它们的区别，最好对比，测试！