python之奥运五环、圆周率计算（蒙特卡罗方法）

奥运五环

import turtle
turtle.color("blue")
turtle.pensize(10)
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(120,0)
turtle.color("black")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.color("red")
turtle.goto(240,0)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.color("yellow")
turtle.goto(60,-50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.color("green")
turtle.goto(180,-50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50)

在此代码中penup()跟pendwon()作用显著
penup()表示提起画笔，在引用goto()语句时没有pendwon()语句将不画线

当缺少penup()跟pendown()

import turtle
turtle.color("blue")
turtle.pensize(10)
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.goto(120,0)
turtle.color("black")
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.down()

当加上penup()跟pendown()

import turtle
turtle.color("blue")
turtle.pensize(10)
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(120,0)
turtle.color("black")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50)
turtle.down()

penup()跟pendwon()的区别显而易见，根据需要添加

圆周率计算（蒙特卡罗方法）

# 圆周率的计算  蒙特卡罗                               
from random import random                    
from time import perf_counter                
from math import sqrt                        
                                             
DARTS =10000                                 
hits = 0.0                                   
perf_counter()                               
for i in range(1, DARTS + 1):                
    x, y = random(), random()                
    dist = sqrt(x**2 + y**2)                 
    if dist <= 1.0:                          
        hits = hits + 1                      
pi = 4 * (hits / DARTS)                      
print("pi的值为：{}。".format(pi))                
print("运行时间为：{:.5f}s".format(perf_counter()))

描述
sqrt() 方法返回数字x的平方根。