nginx实现网站https设置(SSL自签证书设置)
一、HTTPS简介
1.https简介
HTTPS其实是有两部分组成:HTTP + SSL / TLS,也就是在HTTP上又加了一层处理加密信息的模块。服务端和客户端的信息传输都会通过TLS进行加密,所以传输的数据都是加密后的数据
2.https协议原理
首先,客户端与服务器建立连接,各自生成私钥和公钥,是不同的。服务器返给客户端一个公钥,然后客户端拿着这个公钥把要搜索的东西加密,称之为密文,并连并自己的公钥一起返回给服务器,服务器拿着自己的私钥解密密文,然后把响应到的数据用客户端的公钥加密,返回给客户端,客户端拿着自己的私钥解密密文,把数据呈现出来
二、证书和私钥的生成
注意:一般生成的目录,应该放在nginx/conf/ssl目录
1.创建服务器证书密钥文件 server.key:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
输入密码,确认密码,自己随便定义,但是要记住,后面会用到。
2.创建服务器证书的申请文件 server.csr
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输出内容为:
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入前面创建的密码
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 国家代号,中国输入CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省的全名,拼音
Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市的全名,拼音
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不输入
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: ← 此时不输入
Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 电子邮箱,可随意填
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: ← 可以不输入
An optional company name []: ← 可以不输入
4.备份一份服务器密钥文件
cp server.key server.key.org
5.去除文件口令
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
6.生成证书文件server.crt
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
三、配置文件
1.下面为配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/daj.conf
server{
#比起默认的80 使用了443 默认 是ssl方式 多出default之后的ssl
listen 443 default ssl;
#default 可省略
#开启 如果把ssl on;这行去掉,ssl写在443端口后面。这样http和https的链接都可以用
ssl on;
#证书(公钥.发送到客户端的)
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
#私钥,
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
#下面是绑定域名
server_name www.daj.com;
location / {
#禁止跳转
proxy_redirect off;
#代理淘宝
proxy_pass https://www.tao.com/;
}
}
四、开启nginx的ssl模块
1.the “ssl” parameter requires ngx_http_ssl_module in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:37
原因是nginx缺少http_ssl_module模块,编译安装时带上–with-http_ssl_module配置就可以了
2.如果已经安装过nginx,想要添加模块看下面
1)切换到nginx源码包
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.11.3
2)查看ngixn原有的模块
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
3)重新配置
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
4)重新编译,不需要make install安装。否则会覆盖
make
5)备份原有已经安装好的nginx
cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.bak
6)将刚刚编译好的nginx覆盖掉原来的nginx(ngixn必须停止)
cp ./objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
这时,会提示是否覆盖,请输入yes,直接回车默认不覆盖
7)启动nginx,查看nginx模块,发现已经添加
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx 配置:
nginx.conf 配置:
user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
client_max_body_size 10m;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 172.16.21.123;
location / {
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://172.16.21.123:433$1 permanent;
}
# rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
}
server {
# listen 80;
listen 433;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
server_name 172.16.21.123;
# rewrite ^(.*)$ https://172.16.21.123$1 permanent;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/local/projects/pages/dist;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ^~/api/ {
proxy_pass http://172.16.21.161:8899/;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}