MyBatis的事务

Mybatis管理事务是分为两种方式:

(1)使用JDBC的事务管理机制,就是利用java.sql.Connection对象完成对事务的提交
(2)使用MANAGED的事务管理机制,这种机制mybatis自身不会去实现事务管理,而是让程序的容器(JBOSS,WebLogic)来实现对事务的管理
在Mybatis的配置文件中可以配置事务管理方式如下:
在这里插入图片描述

1. 事务的配置

我们在使用MyBatis时,一般会在MyBatisXML配置文件中定义类似如下的信息:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--映入外部文件定义的属性,供此配置文件使用-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
 
    <environments default="development">
        <!-- 连接环境信息,取一个任意唯一的名字 -->
        <environment id="development">
            <!-- mybatis使用jdbc事务管理方式 -->
            <transactionManager type="jdbc"/>
            <!-- mybatis使用连接池方式来获取连接 -->
            <dataSource type="pooled">
                <!-- 配置与数据库交互的4个必要属性 -->
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
     
    <!-- 加载映射文件-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/mybatis/EmployeeMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>   
</configuration>

<environment>节点定义了连接某个数据库的信息,其子节点<transactionManager>的type 会决定我们用什么类型的事务管理机制。

2.事务工厂的创建

MyBatis事务的创建是交给TransactionFactory 事务工厂来创建的,如果我们将的type 配置为"JDBC",那么,在MyBatis初始化解析节点时,会根据type="JDBC"创建一个JdbcTransactionFactory工厂,其源码如下:

  /**
   * 解析<transactionManager>节点,创建对应的TransactionFactory
   * @param context
   * @return
   * @throws Exception
   */
private TransactionFactory transactionManagerElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
  if (context != null) {
    String type = context.getStringAttribute("type");
    Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
    /*
          在Configuration初始化的时候,会通过以下语句,给JDBC和MANAGED对应的工厂类
          typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("JDBC", JdbcTransactionFactory.class);
          typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("MANAGED", ManagedTransactionFactory.class);
          下述的resolveClass(type).newInstance()会创建对应的工厂实例
     */
    TransactionFactory factory = (TransactionFactory) resolveClass(type).newInstance();
    factory.setProperties(props);
    return factory;
  }
  throw new BuilderException("Environment declaration requires a TransactionFactory.");
}

如上述代码所示,如果type = “JDBC”,则MyBatis会创建一个JdbcTransactionFactory.class 实例;如果type=“MANAGED”,则MyBatis会创建一个MangedTransactionFactory.class实例。

MyBatis对<transactionManager>节点的解析会生成 TransactionFactory实例;而对解析会生成datasouce实例(关于dataSource的解析和原理,读者可以参照我的另一篇博文:《Mybatis数据源与连接池》)
作为<environment>节点,会根据TransactionFactory和DataSource实例创建一个Environment对象,代码如下所示:

private void environmentsElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
  if (context != null) {
    if (environment == null) {
      environment = context.getStringAttribute("default");
    }
    for (XNode child : context.getChildren()) {
      String id = child.getStringAttribute("id");
      //是和默认的环境相同时,解析之
      if (isSpecifiedEnvironment(id)) {
        //1.解析<transactionManager>节点,决定创建什么类型的TransactionFactory
        TransactionFactory txFactory = transactionManagerElement(child.evalNode("transactionManager"));
        //2. 创建dataSource
        DataSourceFactory dsFactory = dataSourceElement(child.evalNode("dataSource"));
        DataSource dataSource = dsFactory.getDataSource();
        //3. 使用了Environment内置的构造器Builder,传递id 事务工厂TransactionFactory和数据源DataSource
        Environment.Builder environmentBuilder = new Environment.Builder(id)
            .transactionFactory(txFactory)
            .dataSource(dataSource);
        configuration.setEnvironment(environmentBuilder.build());
      }
    }
  }
}

Environment表示着一个数据库的连接,生成后的Environment对象会被设置到Configuration实例中,以供后续的使用。

3. 事务工厂TransactionFactory

事务工厂Transaction定义了创建Transaction的两个方法:

  • 通过指定的Connection对象创建Transaction
  • 通过数据源DataSource来创建Transaction

4. 事务Transaction的创建

通过事务工厂TransactionFactory很容易获取到Transaction对象实例。我们以JdbcTransaction为例,看一下JdbcTransactionFactory是怎样生成JdbcTransaction的,代码如下:

public class JdbcTransactionFactory implements TransactionFactory {
  
  public void setProperties(Properties props) {
  }
  
    /**
     * 根据给定的数据库连接Connection创建Transaction
     * @param conn Existing database connection
     * @return
     */
  public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
    return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
  }
  
    /**
     * 根据DataSource、隔离级别和是否自动提交创建Transacion
     *
     * @param ds
     * @param level Desired isolation level
     * @param autoCommit Desired autocommit
     * @return
     */
  public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    return new JdbcTransaction(ds, level, autoCommit);
  }
}

如上说是,JdbcTransactionFactory会创建JDBC类型的Transaction,即JdbcTransaction。类似地,ManagedTransactionFactory也会创建ManagedTransaction。下面我们会分别深入JdbcTranaction 和ManagedTransaction,看它们到底是怎样实现事务管理的。

5. JdbcTransaction

JdbcTransaction直接使用JDBC的提交和回滚事务管理机制 。它依赖与从dataSource中取得的连接connection 来管理transaction 的作用域,connection对象的获取被延迟到调用getConnection()方法。如果autocommit设置为on,开启状态的话,它会忽略commit和rollback。

直观地讲,就是JdbcTransaction是使用的java.sql.Connection 上的commit和rollback功能,JdbcTransaction只是相当于对java.sql.Connection事务处理进行了一次包装(wrapper),Transaction的事务管理都是通过java.sql.Connection实现的。JdbcTransaction的代码实现如下:
/**
 * @see JdbcTransactionFactory
 */
/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {
  
  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);
  
  //数据库连接
  protected Connection connection;
  //数据源
  protected DataSource dataSource;
  //隔离级别
  protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
  //是否为自动提交
  protected boolean autoCommmit;
  
  public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    dataSource = ds;
    level = desiredLevel;
    autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
  }
  
  public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
    this.connection = connection;
  }
  
  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return connection;
  }
  
    /**
     * commit()功能 使用connection的commit()
     * @throws SQLException
     */
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.commit();
    }
  }
  
    /**
     * rollback()功能 使用connection的rollback()
     * @throws SQLException
     */
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.rollback();
    }
  }
  
    /**
     * close()功能 使用connection的close()
     * @throws SQLException
     */
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null) {
      resetAutoCommit();
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.close();
    }
  }
  
  protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    try {
      if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
      // and there's not much we can do about that.
      throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit.  "
          + "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
          + "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ".  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }
  
  protected void resetAutoCommit() {
    try {
      if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
        // MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
        // Some databases start transactions with select statements
        // and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
        // A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
        // Sybase throws an exception here.
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(true);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
          + "before closing the connection.  Cause: " + e);
    }
  }
  
  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
    connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    if (level != null) {
      connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
    }
    setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
  }
  
}

6. ManagedTransaction

ManagedTransaction让容器来管理事务Transaction的整个生命周期,意思就是说,使用ManagedTransaction的commit和rollback功能不会对事务有任何的影响,它什么都不会做,它将事务管理的权利移交给了容器来实现。看如下Managed的实现代码大家就会一目了然:

/**
 *
 * 让容器管理事务transaction的整个生命周期
 * connection的获取延迟到getConnection()方法的调用
 * 忽略所有的commit和rollback操作
 * 默认情况下,可以关闭一个连接connection,也可以配置它不可以关闭一个连接
 * 让容器来管理transaction的整个生命周期
 * @see ManagedTransactionFactory
 */
/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {
  
  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);
  
  private DataSource dataSource;
  private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
  private Connection connection;
  private boolean closeConnection;
  
  public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }
  
  public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.dataSource = ds;
    this.level = level;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }
  
  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return this.connection;
  }
  
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }
  
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }
  
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
      }
      this.connection.close();
    }
  }
  
  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
    this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
    if (this.level != null) {
      this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
    }
  }
  
}

注意:如果我们使用MyBatis构建本地程序,即不是WEB程序,若将type设置成"MANAGED",那么,我们执行的任何update操作,即使我们最后执行了commit操作,数据也不会保留,不会对数据库造成任何影响。因为我们将MyBatis配置成了“MANAGED”,即MyBatis自己不管理事务,而我们又是运行的本地程序,没有事务管理功能,所以对数据库的update操作都是无效的。

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