【test】/proc/sysrq-trigger

1 系统请求开关

怎么打开和关闭SysRq组合键 ?
为了安全起见，默认SysRq组合键是关闭的。 打开这个功能，运行：

echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

关闭这个功能：

echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

如果想让此功能一直生效，在/etc/sysctl.conf里面设置kernel.sysrq的值为1。重新启动以后，此功能将会自动打开。

kernel.sysrq = 1

因为打开sysrq键的功能以后，有终端访问权限的用户将会拥有一些特别的功能。因此，除非是要调试，解决问题，一般情况下，不要打开此功能。如果一定要打开，请确保你的终端访问的安全性。

2 常用方法

# 立即重新启动计算机
echo "b" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 立即关闭计算机
echo "o" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 导出内存分配的信息 （可以用/var/log/message 查看）
echo "m" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 导出当前CPU寄存器信息和标志位的信息
echo "p" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 导出线程状态信息
echo "t" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 故意让系统崩溃
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统 
echo "s" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
 
# 立即重新挂载所有的文件系统为只读
echo "u" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

源码路径
linux/kernel/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
用法介绍
linux/kernel/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst

You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when
configuring the kernel. When running a kernel with SysRq compiled in,
/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq controls the functions allowed to be invoked via
the SysRq key. The default value in this file is set by the
CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE config symbol, which itself defaults
to 1. Here is the list of possible values in /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq:

   -  0 - disable sysrq completely
   -  1 - enable all functions of sysrq
   - >1 - bitmask of allowed sysrq functions (see below for detailed function
     description)::

          2 =   0x2 - enable control of console logging level
          4 =   0x4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw)
          8 =   0x8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.
         16 =  0x10 - enable sync command
         32 =  0x20 - enable remount read-only
         64 =  0x40 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)
        128 =  0x80 - allow reboot/poweroff
        256 = 0x100 - allow nicing of all RT tasks

You can set the value in the file by the following command::

    echo "number" >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

The number may be written here either as decimal or as hexadecimal
with the 0x prefix. CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE must always be
written in hexadecimal.

Note that the value of ``/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq`` influences only the invocation
via a keyboard. Invocation of any operation via ``/proc/sysrq-trigger`` is
always allowed (by a user with admin privileges).

How do I use the magic SysRq key?

On all
	Write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger.  e.g.::

		echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger

The :kbd:`<command key>` is case sensitive.

What are the 'command' keys?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

=========== ===================================================================
Command	    Function
=========== ===================================================================
``b``	    Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting
            your disks.

``c``	    Will perform a system crash by a NULL pointer dereference.
            A crashdump will be taken if configured.

``d``	    Shows all locks that are held.

``e``	    Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.

``f``	    Will call the oom killer to kill a memory hog process, but do not
	    panic if nothing can be killed.

``g``	    Used by kgdb (kernel debugger)

``h``	    Will display help (actually any other key than those listed
            here will display help. but ``h`` is easy to remember :-)

``i``	    Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.

``j``	    Forcibly "Just thaw it" - filesystems frozen by the FIFREEZE ioctl.

``k``	    Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual
            console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section.

``l``	    Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs.

``m``	    Will dump current memory info to your console.

``n``	    Used to make RT tasks nice-able

``o``	    Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).

``p``	    Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.

``q``	    Will dump per CPU lists of all armed hrtimers (but NOT regular
            timer_list timers) and detailed information about all
            clockevent devices.

``r``	    Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.

``s``	    Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.

``t``	    Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your
            console.

``u``	    Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.

``v``	    Forcefully restores framebuffer console
``v``	    Causes ETM buffer dump [ARM-specific]

``w``	    Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state.

``x``	    Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms.
            Show global PMU Registers on sparc64.
            Dump all TLB entries on MIPS.

``y``	    Show global CPU Registers [SPARC-64 specific]

``z``	    Dump the ftrace buffer

``0``-``9`` Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages
            will be printed to your console. (``0``, for example would make
            it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would
            make it to your console.)
=========== ===================================================================

Okay, so what can I use them for?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Well, unraw(r) is very handy when your X server or a svgalib program crashes.

sak(k) (Secure Access Key) is useful when you want to be sure there is no
trojan program running at console which could grab your password
when you would try to login. It will kill all programs on given console,
thus letting you make sure that the login prompt you see is actually
the one from init, not some trojan program.

.. important::

   In its true form it is not a true SAK like the one in a
   c2 compliant system, and it should not be mistaken as
   such.

It seems others find it useful as (System Attention Key) which is
useful when you want to exit a program that will not let you switch consoles.
(For example, X or a svgalib program.)

``reboot(b)`` is good when you're unable to shut down, it is an equivalent
of pressing the "reset" button.

``crash(c)`` can be used to manually trigger a crashdump when the system is hung.
Note that this just triggers a crash if there is no dump mechanism available.

``sync(s)`` is handy before yanking removable medium or after using a rescue
shell that provides no graceful shutdown -- it will ensure your data is
safely written to the disk. Note that the sync hasn't taken place until you see
the "OK" and "Done" appear on the screen.

``umount(u)`` can be used to mark filesystems as properly unmounted. From the
running system's point of view, they will be remounted read-only. The remount
isn't complete until you see the "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen.

The loglevels ``0``-``9`` are useful when your console is being flooded with
kernel messages you do not want to see. Selecting ``0`` will prevent all but
the most urgent kernel messages from reaching your console. (They will
still be logged if syslogd/klogd are alive, though.)

``term(e)`` and ``kill(i)`` are useful if you have some sort of runaway process
you are unable to kill any other way, especially if it's spawning other
processes.

"just thaw ``it(j)``" is useful if your system becomes unresponsive due to a
frozen (probably root) filesystem via the FIFREEZE ioctl.