定义一个有理数类Rational，它有两个私有的整型数据成员nume(分子)和deno（分母）/ 定义一个分数类，分子分母各为私有成员

定义一个有理数类Rational，它有两个私有的整型数据成员nume(分子)和deno（分母）；成员函数包括：构造函数（两个整型参数、一个double类型参数、拷贝构造函数）、规范化函数（经过规范化处理，符号统一放在nume中，分子和分母为互质整数）、输出函数（正常处理值为0、整数、分母为0等边界条件）、各种常见的算术、逻辑、复合赋值运算符重载函数（其中一些用成员函数实现，一些用友元函数实现）；自增自减运算符函数（成员函数实现）、流插入和流提取运算符函数（友元函数实现）。要求类定义存放在Rational.h文件中，成员函数和友元函数的定义写在Rational.cpp文件中。
编写main（），实例化几个Rational对象，并测试对应功能。代码写在main.cpp文件中。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<math.h>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//定义一个有理数类Rational，它有两个私有的
//整型数据成员nume(分子)和deno（分母）；成
//员函数包括：构造函数（两个整型参数、一个double
//类型参数、拷贝构造函数）、规范化函数（经过规范化
//处理，符号统一放在nume中，分子和分母为互质整数）
//、输出函数（正常处理值为0、整数、分母为0等边界条件）
//、各种常见的算术、逻辑、复合赋值运算符重载函数（其中
//一些用成员函数实现，一些用友元函数实现）；自增自减运算
//符函数（成员函数实现）、流插入和流提取运算符函数
//（友元函数实现）。要求类定义存放在Rational.h文件中，
//成员函数和友元函数的定义写在Rational.cpp文件中。
//编写main（），实例化几个Rational对象，并测试对应功能。代码写在main.cpp文件中。
//（调试通过后将完整代码（3个文件前注释文件名）及运行截图粘贴到实验结果对应位置。）
class rational
{
public:
	rational();
	rational(int nume,int deno);
	rational(double decimals);
	rational(const rational &ra);
	void standardize();
	void print();
	rational& operator+=(const rational& ra);
	rational& operator-=(const rational& ra);
	rational& operator=(const rational& ra);
	rational& operator++();//前置
	rational& operator--();
	rational operator++(int);//后置
	rational operator--(int);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const rational& ra);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& os, rational& ra);
	friend rational operator*(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2);
	friend rational operator/(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2);
	friend bool operator==(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2);
	friend bool operator>(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2);
	friend bool operator<(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2);
	~rational();

private:
	int nume;
	int deno;
};
void rational::standardize(){
	if (nume != 0 && deno != 0) {
		int x = this->nume;
		int y = this->deno;
		int r = y;
		while (x % y != 0)
		{
			r = x % y;
			x = y;
			y = r;
		}
		this->nume /= r;
		this->deno /= r;
		if (this->deno < 0 && this->nume < 0) {
			this->deno = abs(this->deno);
			this->nume = abs(this->nume);
		}
		else if (this->deno < 0) {
			this->deno = abs(this->deno);
			this->nume = -this->nume;
		}
	}
}
void rational::print() {
	this->standardize();
	if (deno == 0)
		cout << "分母为0，该分数不存在" << endl;
	else if (nume == 0)
		cout << "该分数值为0" << endl;
	else if (deno == 1)
		cout << "该分数值为" << nume << endl;
	else
		cout << "该分数为" << nume << "/" << deno << endl;
}
rational& rational::operator+=(const rational& ra){
	int temp = this->deno;
	this->deno = temp * ra.deno;
	this->nume = this->nume * ra.deno + temp * ra.nume;
	this->standardize();
	return *this;
}
rational& rational::operator-=(const rational& ra){
	int temp = this->deno;
	this->deno= temp * ra.deno;
	this->nume= this->nume * ra.deno - temp * ra.nume;
	this->standardize();
	return *this;
}
rational& rational::operator=(const rational& ra){
	this->nume = ra.nume;
	this->deno = ra.deno;
	return *this;
}
rational& rational::operator++(){
	this->nume += this->deno;
	return *this;
}
rational& rational::operator--(){
	this->nume -= this->deno;
	return *this;
}
rational rational::operator++(int) {
	rational temp = *this;
	this->nume += this->deno;
	return temp;
}
rational rational::operator--(int) {
	rational temp = *this;
	this->nume -= this->deno;
	return temp;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const rational& ra) {
	os << to_string(ra.nume) << "/" << to_string(ra.deno) << endl;
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, rational& ra){
	is >> ra.nume >> ra.deno;
	return is;
}
rational operator+(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	rational sum=ra1;
	sum += ra2;
	return sum;
}
rational operator-(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	rational sum = ra1;
	sum -= ra2;
	return sum;
}
rational operator*(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	int nume = ra1.nume * ra2.nume;
	int deno = ra1.deno * ra2.deno;
	rational ra(nume, deno);
	return ra;
}
rational operator/(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	int nume = ra1.nume * ra2.deno;
	int deno = ra1.deno * ra2.nume;
	rational ra(nume, deno);
	return ra;
}
bool operator==(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	return ra1.nume == ra2.nume && ra1.deno == ra2.deno;
}
bool operator!=(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	return !(ra1 == ra2);
}
bool operator<(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	return !(ra1 > ra2) && ra1 != ra2;
}
bool operator>(const rational& ra1, const rational& ra2) {
	return ra1.nume* ra2.deno - ra2.nume * ra1.deno;
}
rational::rational() {}
rational::rational(int nume, int deno){
	this->nume = nume;
	this->deno = deno;
	this->standardize();
}
rational::rational(double decimals){
	this->standardize();
}
rational::rational(const rational& ra){
	this->nume = ra.nume;
	this->deno = ra.deno;
}

rational::~rational()
{
}
int main() {
	int nume, deno;
	rational ra1, ra2;
	cout << "请输入分数一的分子和分母" << endl;
	cin >> ra1;
	cout << "请输入分数二的分子和分母" << endl;
	cin >> ra2;
	rational ra = ra1 + ra2;
	cout << "分数一加分数二等于";
	ra.print();
	ra = ra1 - ra2;
	cout << "分数一减分数二等于";
	ra.print();
	ra = ra1 * ra2;
	cout << "分数一乘分数二等于";
	ra.print();
	ra = ra1 / ra2;
	cout << "分数一除分数二等于";
	ra.print();
	ra1 += ra2;
	cout << "分数一+=分数二等于";
	ra1.print();
	ra1++;
	cout << "分数一自增等于";
	ra1.print();
}