python使用pip安装出现pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL异常处理方法

问题描述

最近给服务器安装python环境，通过源码方式安装Python3.8之后,使用pip功能出现异常，提示

[root@localhost ~]# pip3 install you-get
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting httpbin
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/httpbin/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/httpbin/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/httpbin/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/httpbin/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/httpbin/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/httpbin/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/httpbin/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement httpbin (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for httpbin
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
[root@localhost ~]#

解决方案

新版本的python在./configure过程中，如果没有加上–with-ssl参数时，默认安装的软件涉及到ssl的功能不可用，刚好pip3过程需要ssl模块，而由于没有指定，所以该功能不可用。
先卸载原来的python：

rpm -qa|grep python3|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps

删除多余残留文件：

whereis python3 |xargs rm -frv

如果没有安装openssl需要先安装openssl-devel：

 yum -y install openssl-devel
 
 //如果安装全家桶编译环境，执行如下命令：
 yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

然后重新编译安装python源码，并额外指定–with-ssl参数：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38 --with-ssl
make
make install

进入/usr/local/python38目录。

创建软链接：Linux已经安装了python2.7，这里我们不能将它删除，如果删除，系统可能会出现问题。我们只需要按照与Python2.7相同的方式为Python3.8.6创建一个软链接即可，我们把软链接放到/usr/local/bin目录下，如图：

ln -s /usr/local/python38 /usr/local/bin/python3
ls -l /usr/local/bin/

配置环境变量，执行vim /etc/profile，打开配置文件，在最后一行加上

PATH=/usr/local/python27/bin:/usr/local/python38/bin:$PATH
export PATH

保存退出（:wq），执行source /etc/profile 命令使配置生效

source /etc/profile

如果还是不行，试试下面的
https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/11554898.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/34022163