SpringMVC:整合SSM

整合SSM

环境要求

  • IDEA
  • MySQL 5.7.29
  • Tomcat 8
  • Manen 3.6

要求:
熟练掌握 MySQL 数据库,Spring,Javaweb 以及 mybatis 知识,简单的前端知识;

数据库环境

创建一个存放书籍数据库表

CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`
USE `ssmbuild`

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`

CREATE TABLE `books`(
	`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
	`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
	`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
	`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
	KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'mysql',20,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');

搭建基本环境

  1. 新建一个 Maven 项目!
  2. 导入相关的 pom 依赖
<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
  1. Maven资源过滤设置
<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
  1. 建立基本结构和配置框架!
  • com.kaung.pojo
  • com.kuang.dao
  • com.kuang.service
  • com.kuang.controller
  • mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

</configuration>
  • applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

</beans>

Mybatis 层编写

  1. 数据库配置文件 database.properties
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;userSSL=true&amp;userUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
username=root
password=li12345
  1. IDEA关联数据库
  2. 编写MyBatis的核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--配置数据源,交给Spring去做-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.kuang.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.kuang.dao.BookMapper"></mapper>
    </mappers>

</configuration>
  1. 编写数据库对应的实体类 com.kuang.pojo.Books,使用 lombok 插件!
package com.kuang.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCounts;
    private String detail;
}
  1. 编写 Dao 层的 Mapper 接口!
package com.kuang.dao;

import com.kuang.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {

    // 增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);
    // 删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);
    // 更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);
    // 查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);
    // 查询全部的书
    List<Books> queryAllBook();

    //
    Books queryBookByName(@Param("bookName") String bookName);
}
  1. 编写接口对应的 Mapper.xml 文件。需要导入 MyBatis 的包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.BookMapper">
    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
        insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName, bookCounts, detail)
        values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail})
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
        delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookId}
    </delete>

    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update ssmbuild.books
        set bookName = #{bookName}, bookCounts = #{bookCounts}, detail = #{detail}
        where bookID = #{bookID}
    </update>

    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books
        where bookID = #{bookId}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books
    </select>
    
    <select id="queryBookByName" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books where bookName = #{bookName}
    </select>

</mapper>
  1. 编写 Service 层的接口和实现类
    接口:
package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookService {
    // 增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);
    // 删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(int id);
    // 更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);
    // 查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(int id);
    // 查询全部的书
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
    //
    Books queryBookByName(@Param("bookName") String bookName);
}

实现类:

package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.dao.BookMapper;
import com.kuang.pojo.Books;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import java.util.List;

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    // service 调 dao层 组合 Dao
    @Autowired
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int addBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookByName(String bookName) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookByName(bookName);
    }
}

OK,到此,第层需求操作编写完毕!

Spring 层

1. 配置Spring整合MyBatis,我们这里数据源使用c3p0连接池
2. 我们去别写Spring整合Mybatis的相关的配置文件;spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--1. 关联数据库配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
    <!--2. 连接层
        c3p0:自动化操作,自动化的加载配置文件,并且可以自动设置到对象重!
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"></property>

        <!--c3p0连接池的私有属性-->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"></property>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"></property>
        <!--关闭后不自动commit-->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"></property>
        <!--获取连接超时时间-->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"></property>
        <!--当获取连接失败重试次数-->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--3. sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <!--绑定mybatis的配置文件-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置dao接口扫描包,动态的时间了dao接口可以注入到Spring容器中!-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!--注入sqlSessionFactory-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
        <!--要扫描的dao包-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.kuang.dao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

3. Spring整合service层

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--1. 扫描service下的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.service"></context:component-scan>
    <!--2. 将我们的所有业务类,注入到 Spring ,可以通过配置,或者注解实现-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.kuang.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--3.声明事务配置-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--4. aop事务支持-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.kuang.dao.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

Spring 层搞定,再次理解一下,Spring就是一个大杂烩,一个容器!

SpringMVC层

1. web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--DispatchServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--乱码过滤-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

2. spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--1. 注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--2. 静态资源过滤-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
    <!--3. 扫描包:controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!--4. 视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

3. Spring配置整合文件,applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"></import>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"></import>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"></import>
    
</beans>

配置文件,暂时结束!Controller和视图层编写
1. BookController 类编写,方法一:查询全部书籍

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    // controller 调用 service 层
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private BookService bookService = new BookServiceImpl();

    // 查询全部的书籍,并返回到一个书籍展示页面
    @RequestMapping("/allBook")
    public String list(Model model){
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list", list);
        return "allBook";
    }
}

2. 编写 index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>首页</title>

    <style>
      a{
        text-decoration: none;
        color: black;
        font-size: 18px;
      }
      h3{
        width: 180px;
        height: 40px;
        margin: 100px auto;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 40px;
        background: skyblue;
        border-radius: 5px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h3>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">进入书籍页面</a>
  </h3>
  </body>
</html>

3. 书籍列表页面 allbook.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍展示</title>

    <%--BootStrap 美化界面--%>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>



    <div class="row">
        <div class="row-md-4 column">
            <%--toAddBook--%>
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增书籍</a>
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">显示全部书籍</a>
        </div>
        <div class="row-md-4 column">
            <%--查询书籍--%>
            <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/queryBook" method="post" style="float:right;">
                <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入要查询的书籍名称">
                <input type="submit" value="查询" class="btn btn-primary">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>书籍编号</th>
                        <th>书籍名称</th>
                        <th>书籍数量</th>
                        <th>书籍详情</th>
                        <th>操作</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>

                <%--书籍从数据库重查询出来,从这个list中遍历出来:foreach--%>
                <tbody>
                    <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                        <tr>
                            <td>${book.bookID}</td>
                            <td>${book.bookName}</td>
                            <td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
                            <td>${book.detail}</td>
                            <td>
                                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdate?id=${book.bookID}">修改</a>&nbsp; | &nbsp;
                                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/deleteBook/${book.bookID}">删除</a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>
</body>
</html>

4. BookController 类编写,方法而:添加书籍

@RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
public String toAddPaper(){
    return "addBook";
}

// 添加书籍的请求:
@RequestMapping("/addBook")
public String addBook(Books books){
    System.out.println("addBook=>"+books);
    bookService.addBook(books);
    return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}

5 添加书籍页面:addBook.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <%--BootStrap 美化界面--%>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <small>新增书籍</small>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍名称:</label>
            <input type="text" name="bookName" class="form-control" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍数量:</label>
            <input type="text" name="bookCounts" class="form-control" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍描述:</label>
            <input type="text" name="detail" class="form-control" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <input type="submit" class="form-control" value="添加"/>
        </div>
    </form>

</div>
</body>
</html>

6. BookController 类编写,方法三:修改书籍

@RequestMapping("/toUpdate")
publicString toUpdatePaper(int id, Model model){
    Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
    model.addAttribute("Qbooks", books);
    return "updateBook";
}

// 修改书籍
@RequestMapping("/updateBook")
public  String updateBook(Books books){
    System.out.println("updateBook=>"+books);
    bookService.updateBook(books);
    return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}

7. 修改书籍页面 updateBook.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <%--BootStrap 美化界面--%>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <small>修改书籍</small>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
        <%--出现的问题,我们提交了修改 SQL 请求,但是修改失败,初次考虑,是事务问题,配置完毕事务,依旧失败!--%>
        <%--看一下Sql语句,能否执行成功:Sql执行失败,修改未完成--%>
        <%--前端传递隐藏域--%>

        <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${Qbooks.bookID}">

        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍名称:</label>
            <input type="text" name="bookName" class="form-control" value="${Qbooks.bookName}" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍数量:</label>
            <input type="text" name="bookCounts" class="form-control" value="${Qbooks.bookCounts}" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍描述:</label>
            <input type="text" name="detail" class="form-control" value="${Qbooks.detail}" required/>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <input type="submit" class="form-control" value="修改"/>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

8. BookController类编写,方法四:删除书籍

@RequestMapping("/deleteBook/{bookId}")
public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id){
    bookService.deleteBookById(id);
    return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}

配置Tomcat,进行运行!
到目前为止,这个SSM项目整合已经完全的OK了,可以直接运行进行测试!这个联系十分重要,需要不看任何东西,自己也可以完全的写出来!
项目结构图
在这里插入图片描述

小结

SSM框架的重要程度是不言而喻的,这个只是增删改查的基本操作,学到这,才算是真正的步入了后台开发的门。

  • 1
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值