Solidity学习记录1——Using for

代码来源链接: [https://learnblockchain.cn/docs/solidity/contracts.html#libraries]

在当前的合约上下里, 指令 using A for B; 可用于附加库函数（从库 A）到任何类型（ B）作为成员函数。 这些函数将接收到调用它们的对象作为它们的第一个参数（像 Python 的 self 变量）。

以下面这个例子来说，相当于给Data这个结构体类型增加了三个初始的函数，后面声明的Data类型都自带这三个函数。

struct Data { mapping(uint => bool) flags; }
// Now we attach functions to the type.
// The attached functions can be used throughout the rest of the module.
// If you import the module, you have to
// repeat the using directive there, for example as
//   import "flags.sol" as Flags;
//   using {Flags.insert, Flags.remove, Flags.contains}
//     for Flags.Data;
using {insert, remove, contains} for Data;

function insert(Data storage self, uint value)
    returns (bool)
{
    if (self.flags[value])
        return false; // already there
    self.flags[value] = true;
    return true;
}

function remove(Data storage self, uint value)
    returns (bool)
{
    if (!self.flags[value])
        return false; // not there
    self.flags[value] = false;
    return true;
}

function contains(Data storage self, uint value)
    view
    returns (bool)
{
    return self.flags[value];
}


contract C {
    Data knownValues;

    function register(uint value) public {
        // Here, all variables of type Data have
        // corresponding member functions.
        // The following function call is identical to
        // `Set.insert(knownValues, value)`
        require(knownValues.insert(value));
    }
}

也可以像这样扩展内置基本类型，在下面的例子中，给uint的数组类型增加查找的功能

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

library Search {
    function indexOf(uint[] storage self, uint value)
        public
        view
        returns (uint)
    {
        for (uint i = 0; i < self.length; i++)
            if (self[i] == value) return i;
        return type(uint).max;
    }
}

using Search for uint[];

contract C {
    using Search for uint[];
    uint[] data;

    function append(uint value) public {
        data.push(value);
    }

    function replace(uint from, uint to) public {
        // 执行库函数调用
        uint index = data.indexOf(from);
        if (index == type(uint).max)
            data.push(to);
        else
            data[index] = to;
    }
}