Python爬虫学习之爬取学校排名写入txt文件

import requests
from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
# 将操作码保存为txt文件
def text_save(filename, data):  # filename为写入txt文件的路径，data为要写入数据列表.
    file = open(filename, 'w')
    for i in range(len(data)):
        s = str(data[i]).replace('[', '').replace(']', '')  # 去除[],这两行按数据不同，可以选择
        s = str(data[i]).replace('(', '').replace(')', '')
        s = s.replace("'", '').replace(',', '') + '\n'  # 去除单引号，逗号，每行末尾追加换行符
        file.write(s)
    file.close()
    print("保存文件成功")


headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36'
}#爬虫[Requests设置请求头Headers],伪造浏览器
# 核心爬取代码
url="http://www.shanghairanking.cn/rankings/bcur/2020"
ret=Request(url,headers=headers)
html=urlopen(ret)
bs=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
tr = bs.find('tbody').find_all('tr')
#.find定位到所需数据位置  .find_all查找所有的tr（表格）

listall=[]
# 去除标签栏
for j in tr[0:]:        #tr[1:]遍历第1列到最后一列，表头为第0列
    td = j.find_all('td')#td表格
    date = td[0].get_text().strip()           #遍历排名
    college_name = td[1].get_text().strip()  #遍历学校名称
    region = td[2].get_text().strip()            #遍历省市
    type = td[3].get_text().strip()       #遍历类型
    score = td[4].get_text().strip()                #遍历总分
    a = j.find_all('a')         #a表格
    file = a[0].get('href')     #遍历链接
    link = "http://www.shanghairanking.cn{0}".format(file)
    print(date, college_name, region, type, score, link)
    list = date, college_name, region, type, score, link
    listall.append(list)
    file = []
    list = []
text_save('University Rankings.txt', listall)