使用@RequestBody传递多个不同对象

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引言

在Spring框架中，@RequestBody注解通常用于接收HTTP请求体中的JSON或XML数据，并将其转换为Java对象。然而，有时候我们可能需要在一个请求中传递多个不同类型的对象。本文将介绍如何利用Spring的@RequestBody实现这一需求的技巧。

@RequestBody

主要用来接收前端传递给后端的json字符串中的数据的(请求体中的数据的)；GET方式无请求体，所以使用@RequestBody接收数据时，前端不能使用GET方式提交数据，而是用POST方式进行提交。

示例：

@RestController
public class TestController{
  @RequestMapping("\myqxin")
  @ResponseBody
  public RetureResult test(@RequestBody User user){
    return new ReturnResult();
  }  
}

这样的方式只能接收一个json对象，有时我们需要接收多个json对象。

示例：

@RestController
public class TestController{
  @RequestMapping("\myqxin")
  @ResponseBody
  public RetureResult test(@RequestBody List<User> user){
    return new ReturnResult();
  }  
}

这样能接收多个同类型的json对象，但是有时我们需要接收的对象是不同类型的。需要接收多个不同的json对象

示例：

@RestController
public class TestController{
  @RequestMapping("\myqxin")
  @ResponseBody
  public RetureResult test(@RequestBody User user,@RequestBody Address address){
    return new ReturnResult();
  }  
}

上面这种方式就是错误的，原因是request的content-body是以流的形式进行读取的，读取完一次后，便无法再次读取了。

解决方式一：使用自定义DTO对象

创建一个包含所有需要传递对象的自定义DTO（数据传输对象）类。这个DTO类中的字段对应于不同的对象。例如：

示例：

@RestController
public class TestController{
  @RequestMapping("\myqxin")
  @ResponseBody
  public RetureResult test(@RequestBody Param param){
    User user=param.getUser();
    Address address=param.getAddress();
    return new ReturnResult();
  }  
}
class Param{
 
    private User user;
    private Address address;  
 
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
 
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
 
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
 
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

解决方式二：使用Map接收多个对象

一种简单的方式是使用Map作为@RequestBody的参数类型，其中键值对应于不同的对象。例如：

前端请求格式如下：

{
 "productFormInfos":[
{
  "attactMon": "3",		
  "claimP": "0.7",		
  "insuredAmt": "100000",	
  "insuredP": "0.2",		
  "notPayValue": "20000",	
  "type": "健康体",
  "usedDrug": "",		
  "waitMon1": "1",		
  "waitMon2": "5",		
  "waitMon3": "5"		
},
{
  "attactMon": "",
  "claimP": "0.3",
  "insuredAmt": "100000",
  "insuredP": "1",
  "notPayValue": "20000",
  "type": "带病体",
  "usedDrug": "0.2",
  "waitMon1": "",
  "waitMon2": "",
  "waitMon3": ""
}],
"cancerAttackInfos":[
{
  "cancerType": "全癌种",	
  "value": 1		
},
{
  "cancerType": "多发性骨髓瘤",
  "value": -0.7
}],
"znjsRegionInfos":[
  {
    "age1": "0.041985",	
    "age2": "0.0444276510925037",
    "age3": "0.0382427339114538",
    "age4": "0.0261105159086444",
    "age5": "0.0449479905248563",
    "age6": "0.0772911243564838",
    "age7": "0.0810856929668603",
    "age8": "0.0765560498761178",
	"age9": "0.0749054098877601",
	"age10": "0.0871027056596078",
	"age11": "0.0865625242702434",
	"age12": "0.0688175656296236",
	"age13": "0.0715534521423089",
	"age14": "0.0687895196577188",
	"age15": "0.0452628418871741",
	"age16": "0.0279018803309113",
	"age17": "0.0219935342690072",
	"age18": "0.0117872756063724",
	"age19": "0.00467652625930834",
	"age20": "0",
	"age21": "0",
    "livePopulation": "1001",		
    "mediInsuredPlt": "1549.7678",	
    "type": "城镇职工",
    "updateTime": "2021-04-21T03:01:04.108Z",
    "domicilePopulation": "1002",	
	"subUseP": "1",		
    "treatP": "1",
    "treatPD": "1",
    "treatPlanP": "1",
    "treatPlanPD": "1",
    "byStageP": "1",
    "byStagePD": "1",
    "diagnosisP": "1",
    "diagnosisPD": "1"
  },{
    "age1": "0.041985",
    "age2": "0.0444276510925037",
    "age3": "0.0382427339114538",
    "age4": "0.0261105159086444",
    "age5": "0.0449479905248563",
    "age6": "0.0772911243564838",
    "age7": "0.0810856929668603",
	"age8": "0.0765560498761178",
    "age9": "0.0749054098877601",
	"age10": "0.0871027056596078",
	"age11": "0.0865625242702434",
	"age12": "0.0688175656296236",
	"age13": "0.0715534521423089",
	"age14": "0.0687895196577188",
	"age15": "0.0452628418871741",
	"age16": "0.0279018803309113",
	"age17": "0.0219935342690072",
	"age18": "0.0117872756063724",
	"age19": "0.00467652625930834",
	"age20": "0",
	"age21": "0",
    "livePopulation": "1001",		
    "mediInsuredPlt": "349.83",		
    "type": "城乡居民",
    "domicilePopulation": "1002",	
    "subUseP": "1",			
    "treatP": "1",
    "treatPD": "1",
    "treatPlanP": "1",
    "treatPlanPD": "1",
    "byStageP": "1",
    "byStagePD": "1",
    "diagnosisP": "1",
    "diagnosisPD": "1"
  }]	
}

将接收参数定义为Map<String, Object>，然后使用map转object工具，转换成需要的对象。

此时，即使自定义的Param类中的属性即使比json数据中的属性少了，也没关系。

示例：

@RestController
public class TestController{
  @RequestMapping("\myqxin")
  @ResponseBody
  public Object test(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> models){
　　    String json1 = JSON.toJSONString(models.get("znjsRegionInfos"));
        String json2 = JSON.toJSONString(models.get("productFormInfos"));
        String json3 = JSON.toJSONString(models.get("cancerAttackInfos"));
        // 转json，这里接收的每个同类型对象都有多个，所以是个集合，需要转json
        List<ZnjsRegionInfo> znjsRegionInfos = JSON.parseArray(json1, ZnjsRegionInfo.class);
        List<ProductFormInfo> productFormInfos = JSON.parseArray(json2, ProductFormInfo.class);
        List<CancerAttackInfo> cancerAttackInfos = JSON.parseArray(json3, CancerAttackInfo.class);
　　　return models; 
　}
}

通过这些方法，您可以方便地在Spring应用程序中使用@RequestBody传递多个不同类型的对象，适应不同的业务需求。选择最适合您应用场景的方法，并根据实际情况进行调整。