用二进制表示:192.168.4.1
1 – 1
2 – 0 1
3 – 1 1
4 – 0 0 1
5 – 1 0 1
6 – 0 1 1
7 – 1 1 1
8 – 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.4.1: 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000001 255.255.255.0: /24 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24个1 255.255.254.0: 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 /23 255.255.0.0: /16 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16