Java并发编程——CountDownLatch

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-24 03:00:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-24 03:00:44 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言后端

原文链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/dcb32bffcdb3

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一、闭锁 CountDownLatch

一个同步工具类，允许一个或者多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程的操作都执行完成之后再继续往下执行。

使用场景：在一些应用场合中，需要等待某个条件达到要求后才能做后面的事情；同时当线程都完成后也会触发事件，以便进行后面的操作。这个时候就可以使用CountDownLatch。

CountDownLatch最重要的方法是countDown()和await()，前者主要是计数减一，后者是等待计数到0，如果没有到达0，就继续阻塞等待。

countdownlatch

如上图，左边三只小熊，可以当成三个线程，每一只撞到栏杆，计数器就减1，这相当于执行了countDown方法；

右边有两只暴走小熊在等待计数器变为0，可以当成两个线程，执行了await方法；

最终左边三只暴走小熊抵达了栏杆处，计数器变为0，唤醒了右边的暴走小熊，暴走小熊就开始动起来了。

二、执行原理

CountDownLatch是基于AQS共享模式的使用。

如下图，我们通过给CountDownLatch构造函数传入state的值。

countDown方法本质是释放共享锁，核心实现逻辑是：state>0 && state-1，如果state>0，则state减一，否则执行失败；

await方法本质是获取共享锁，核心实现是：getState()==0，如果state==0，则表示获取成功，否则线程阻塞进入等待队列；

当state减到0的时候，会唤醒等待队列中的所有线程，尝试继续获取共享锁，这个时候正常是所有线程都能获取成功的。

三、CountDownLatch的用法

3.1 CountDownLatch典型用法1

某一线程在开始运行前等待n个线程执行完毕。将CountDownLatch的计数器初始化为new CountDownLatch(n)，每当一个任务线程执行完毕，就将计数器减1 countdownLatch.countDown()，当计数器的值变为0时，在CountDownLatch上await()的线程就会被唤醒。一个典型应用场景就是启动一个服务时，主线程需要等待多个组件加载完毕，之后再继续执行。

/**
 * @Description: 工厂中，质检，5个工人检查，所有人都认为通过，才通过
 */
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> throws InterruptedException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span> countDownLatch <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> executorService <span class="token operator">=</span> Executors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newFixedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        final <span class="token keyword">int</span> no <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        executorService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">submit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"NO."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"完成了检查"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                countDownLatch<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">countDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"等待5个人检查完......"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    countDownLatch<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"所有人都完成了工作，等待进入下一环节"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

3.2 CountDownLatch典型用法2

实现多个线程开始执行任务的最大并行性。注意是并行性，不是并发，强调的是多个线程在某一时刻同时开始执行。类似于赛跑，将多个线程放到起点，等待发令枪响，然后同时开跑。做法是初始化一个共享的CountDownLatch(1)，将其计算器初始化为1，多个线程在开始执行任务前首先countdownlatch.await()，当主线程调用countDown()时，计数器变为0，多个线程同时被唤醒。

/**
 * @Description: 模拟100米跑步，5名选手都准备好了，只等裁判员一声令下，所有人同时开跑
 */
public class CountDownLatchDemo2 {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> throws InterruptedException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span> countDownLatch <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> executorService <span class="token operator">=</span> Executors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newFixedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        final <span class="token keyword">int</span> no <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        executorService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">submit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"No."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"，准备完毕，等待发令枪"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                countDownLatch<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"No."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"，开始跑步"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">//裁判员检查发令枪......</span>
    Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"发令枪响，比赛开始......"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    countDownLatch<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">countDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

3.3 CountDownLatch两种用法结合使用

/**
 * @Description: 模拟100米跑步，5名选手都准备好了，只等裁判员一声令下，所有人同时开跑,
 * 所有人都到终点后，比赛结束
 */
public class CountDownLatchDemo3 {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> throws InterruptedException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span> begin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span> end <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">ExecutorService</span> executorService <span class="token operator">=</span> Executors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newFixedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        final <span class="token keyword">int</span> no <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        executorService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">submit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"No."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"，准备完毕，等待发令枪"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                begin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"No."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"，开始跑步"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"No."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> no <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"，跑到终点了"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                end<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">countDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">//裁判员检查发令枪......</span>
    Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"发令枪响，比赛开始......"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    begin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">countDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">//等待5个线程都执行完毕之后</span>
    end<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">out</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"所有人到达终点，比赛结束"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

3.4 CountDownLatch注意点

扩展用法：多个线程等待多个线程完成执行后，再同时执行。
CountDownLatch是不能够重用的，如果需要重新计数，可以考虑使用CyclicBarrier或者创建新的CountDownLatch实例。

四、源码

4.1 构造方法：创建一个Sync对象，而Sync继承AQS

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">CountDownLatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> count<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>count <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"count &lt; 0"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//设置计数器实际上是将值赋给了AQS状态变量state</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>sync <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

4.2 Sync 是CountDownLatch的内部私有类，组合到CountDownLatch里

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">AbstractQueuedSynchronizer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//设置计数器实际上是将值赋给了AQS状态变量state</span>
    <span class="token class-name">Sync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> count<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">//获取状态变量state的值</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">tryAcquireShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> acquires<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">tryReleaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> releases<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">//循环进行CAS，直到当前线程完成CAS减去1操作</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">int</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment">//当前状态值为0则直接返回</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">int</span> nextc <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment">//使用CAS让计数器值减去1</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">compareAndSetState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nextc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> nextc <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

在AQS中state是一个private volatile int类型的变量。CountDownLatch使用state来计数，CountDownLatch的getCount最终调用的是AQS的getState()，返回state进行计数。

4.3 await()方法：调用AQS的acquireSharedInterruptibly方法

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    sync<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">acquireSharedInterruptibly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

acquireSharedInterruptibly方法：获取共享锁

public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
    extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
    implements java.io.Serializable {
<span class="token comment">//获取共享锁</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">acquireSharedInterruptibly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//判断线程是否为中断状态，如果是抛出interruptedException </span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//尝试获取共享锁，尝试成功就返回，否则调用doAcquireSharedInterruptibly方法    </span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">tryAcquireShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">doAcquireSharedInterruptibly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

tryAcquireShared方法：尝试获取共享锁

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">AbstractQueuedSynchronizer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//尝试获取共享锁，重写AQS里面的方法</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">tryAcquireShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> acquires<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">//锁状态 == 0，表示所没有被任何线程所获取，</span>
        <span class="token comment">//即是可获取的状态，否则锁是不可获取的状态</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

doAcquireSharedInterruptibly方法：会使得当前线程一直等待，直到当前线程获取到锁（或被中断）才返回

public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
    extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
    implements java.io.Serializable {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doAcquireSharedInterruptibly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//创建“当前线程”的Node节点，且node中记录的锁是“共享锁”类型，并将节点添加到CLH队列末尾。</span>
    <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Node</span> node <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">addWaiter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Node</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SHARED<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> failed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">//获取前继节点，如果前继节点是等待锁队列的表头，则尝试获取共享锁</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 判断新增的节点的前一个节点是否头节点</span>
            <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Node</span> p <span class="token operator">=</span> node<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">predecessor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>p <span class="token operator">==</span> head<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token comment">// 是头节点，那么在此尝试获取共享锁</span>
                <span class="token keyword">int</span> r <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">tryAcquireShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>r <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    <span class="token comment">// 获取成功，把当前节点变为新的head节点，</span>
                    <span class="token comment">//并且检查后续节点是否可以在共享模式下等待，</span>
                    <span class="token comment">//并且允许继续传播，则调用doReleaseShared继续唤醒下一个节点尝试获取锁</span>
                    <span class="token function">setHeadAndPropagate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>node<span class="token punctuation">,</span> r<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    p<span class="token punctuation">.</span>next <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// help GC</span>
                    failed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token comment">//前继节点不是头节点，当前线程一直等待，直到获取到锁</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p<span class="token punctuation">,</span> node<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span>
                <span class="token function">parkAndCheckInterrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>failed<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token function">cancelAcquire</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>node<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire方法：判断当前线程获取锁失败之后是否需要挂起

public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
    extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
    implements java.io.Serializable {

/*说明：4.shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire 返回当前线程是否应该阻塞
(01) 关于waitStatus请参考下表(中扩号内为waitStatus的值)

CANCELLED[1]  -- 当前线程已被取消
SIGNAL[-1]    -- “当前线程的后继线程需要被unpark(唤醒)”。
                    一般发生情况是：当前线程的后继线程处于阻塞状态，
                    而当前线程被release或cancel掉，因此需要唤醒当前线程的后继线程。
CONDITION[-2] -- 当前线程(处在Condition休眠状态)在等待Condition唤醒
PROPAGATE[-3] -- (共享锁)其它线程获取到“共享锁”
[0]           -- 当前线程不属于上面的任何一种状态。

(02) shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()通过以下规则，判断“当前线程”是否需要被阻塞。

规则1：如果前继节点状态为SIGNAL，表明当前节点需要被unpark(唤醒)，此时则返回true。
规则2：如果前继节点状态为CANCELLED(ws&gt;0)，说明前继节点已经被取消，则通过先前回溯找到一个有效(非CANCELLED状态)的节点，并返回false。
规则3：如果前继节点状态为非SIGNAL、非CANCELLED，则设置前继的状态为SIGNAL，并返回false。
*/</span>  
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Node</span> pred<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Node</span> node<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 前驱节点的状态</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> ws <span class="token operator">=</span> pred<span class="token punctuation">.</span>waitStatus<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 如果前驱节点是SIGNAL状态，则意味着当前线程需要unpark唤醒，此时返回true</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ws <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token class-name">Node</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SIGNAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        
    <span class="token comment">// 如果前继节点是取消的状态即前驱节点状态为CANCELLED </span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ws <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 从队尾向前寻找第一个状态不为CANCELLED的节点</span>
        <span class="token keyword">do</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            node<span class="token punctuation">.</span>prev <span class="token operator">=</span> pred <span class="token operator">=</span> pred<span class="token punctuation">.</span>prev<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pred<span class="token punctuation">.</span>waitStatus <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        pred<span class="token punctuation">.</span>next <span class="token operator">=</span> node<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 将前驱节点的状态设置为SIGNAL</span>
        <span class="token function">compareAndSetWaitStatus</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pred<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ws<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Node</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>SIGNAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

4.4 countDown()源码

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">countDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//该方法其实调用AQS中的releaseShared(1)释放共享锁方法。</span>
    sync<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">releaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
    extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
    implements java.io.Serializable {
<span class="token comment">//目的是让当前线程释放它所持有的共享锁，它首先会通过tryReleaseShared()去尝试释放共享锁。</span>
<span class="token comment">//尝试成功，则直接返回；尝试失败，则通过doReleaseShared()去释放共享锁。</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">releaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">tryReleaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">doReleaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

tryReleaseShared()在CountDownLatch.java中被重写，释放共享锁，将锁计数器-1

public class CountDownLatch {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> sync<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Sync</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">AbstractQueuedSynchronizer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">tryReleaseShared</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> releases<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 获取“锁计数器”的状态</span>
            <span class="token keyword">int</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// “锁计数器”-1 </span>
            <span class="token keyword">int</span> nextc <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 通过CAS函数进行赋值。</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">compareAndSetState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nextc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> nextc <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

参考：
https://www.itzhai.com/articles/graphical-several-fun-concurrent-helper-classes.html

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/95835099

https://www.cnblogs.com/200911/p/6059719.html

Space Tripper

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Java并发编程——CountDownLatch

一、闭锁 CountDownLatch一个同步工具类，允许一个或者多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程的操作都执行完成之后再继续往下执行。使用场景：在一些应用场合中，需要等待某个条件达到要求后才能做后面的事情；同时当线程都完成后也会触发事件，以便进行后面的操作。这个时候就可以使用CountDownLatch。CountDownLatch最重要的方法是countDown()和await()，前者主要是计数减一，后者是等待计数到0，如果没有到达0，就继续阻塞等待。countdownlatch如
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