AsyncTask
AsyncTask用于处理耗时任务，可以即时通知进度，最终返回结果。可以用于下载等处理。
使用
实现类继承三个方法
1. doInBackground后台执行，在此方法中进行延时操作
/**
* Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
* specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
* by the caller of this task.
*
* This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
* on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
*
* @see #onPreExecute()
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #publishProgress
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
2. onProgressUpdate刷新UI
/**
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
* The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
*
* @param values The values indicating progress.
*
* @see #publishProgress
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
@MainThread
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values){}
3. onPostExecute结果返回，此结果即为后台执行方法返回的结果。
/**
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
* specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}.</p>
*
* <p>This method won't be invoked if the task was cancelled.</p>
*
* @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPreExecute
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
@MainThread
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {}
Result,Progress,Params三者是AsyncTask的泛型，从代码可以看出，Result为返回结果类型，Progress是刷新进度的类型，Params是处理耗时任务时需要传入的类型。
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>
4. execute启动方法
/**
* Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
* itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
*
* <p>Note: this function schedules the task on a queue for a single background
* thread or pool of threads depending on the platform version. When first
* introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background thread.
* Starting with {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#DONUT}, this was changed
* to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}, tasks are back to being
* executed on a single thread to avoid common application errors caused
* by parallel execution. If you truly want parallel execution, you can use
* the {@link #executeOnExecutor} version of this method
* with {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR}; however, see commentary there for warnings
* on its use.
*
* <p>This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return This instance of AsyncTask.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
* {@link AsyncTask.Status#RUNNING} or {@link AsyncTask.Status#FINISHED}.
*
* @see #executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
* @see #execute(Runnable)
*/
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
分析
相关知识点：
- 线程池
- Android Handler
1. 构造器
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*/
public AsyncTask() {
this((Looper) null);
}
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @hide
*/
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Handler handler) {
this(handler != null ? handler.getLooper() : null);
}
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @hide
*/
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
? getMainHandler()
: new Handler(callbackLooper);
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
1.1 Handler
使用getMainHandler()返回的Handler。消息处理部分可以看到完成处理与进度更新。
private static Handler getMainHandler() {
synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
return sHandler;
}
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
@MainThread
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
1.2 WorkerRunnable实现对象mWorker
使用Callable接口。
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
1.3 FutureTask实现对象 mFuture
FutureTask其中保存了Callable接口。
public FutureTask(Callable<V> var1) {
if (var1 == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
} else {
this.callable = var1;
this.state = 0;
}
}
2. exectue执行操作开始
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
/**
* Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
* itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
*
* <p>This method is typically used with {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR} to
* allow multiple tasks to run in parallel on a pool of threads managed by
* AsyncTask, however you can also use your own {@link Executor} for custom
* behavior.
*
* <p><em>Warning:</em> Allowing multiple tasks to run in parallel from
* a thread pool is generally <em>not</em> what one wants, because the order
* of their operation is not defined. For example, if these tasks are used
* to modify any state in common (such as writing a file due to a button click),
* there are no guarantees on the order of the modifications.
* Without careful work it is possible in rare cases for the newer version
* of the data to be over-written by an older one, leading to obscure data
* loss and stability issues. Such changes are best
* executed in serial; to guarantee such work is serialized regardless of
* platform version you can use this function with {@link #SERIAL_EXECUTOR}.
*
* <p>This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @param exec The executor to use. {@link #THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR} is available as a
* convenient process-wide thread pool for tasks that are loosely coupled.
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return This instance of AsyncTask.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
* {@link AsyncTask.Status#RUNNING} or {@link AsyncTask.Status#FINISHED}.
*
* @see #execute(Object[])
*/
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
2.1 进行status判断：
- 正在运行的对象调用此方法会抛出异常，正在运行的设置在此方法中。
- 已经完成的对象调用此方法会抛出异常，已经完成的设置在InternalHandler中调用。
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
2.2 调用onPreExecte()方法
子类实现此方法会在耗时操作前执行一些操作。
/**
* Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@MainThread
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
2.3 执行exec.execute(mFuture)
2.3.1 exec是什么？
通过调用链可看出是sDefaultExecutor。在代码中可以看到是SerialExecutor静态内部类对象。
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
2.3.2 execute(final Runnable r)传是mFuture这里是Runnable
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V>{}
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
void run();
}
2.3.3 调用mFuture的run方法
刚才1.3futuretask实现对象-mfuture可以看出
this.callable = var1;，即此处调用了mWorker的call()方法
public void run() {
if (this.state == 0 && UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, (Object)null, Thread.currentThread())) {
boolean var9 = false;
try {
var9 = true;
Callable var1 = this.callable;
if (var1 != null) {
if (this.state == 0) {
Object var2;
boolean var3;
try {
var2 = var1.call();
var3 = true;
}
....
}
....
}
....
}
....
}
}
2.3.4 mWorker调用doInBackground
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
2.3.5 doInBackground返回result，调用postResult(result)
这里发送了结果，见1.1处理
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
3. 进度刷新
进度刷新可以调用如下方法。大多在doInBackground中使用。
/**
* This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
* publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
* still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
*
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} will not be called if the task has been
* canceled.
*
* @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
*
* @see #onProgressUpdate
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
4. 如何暂停/取消
直接在doInBackground方法中返回Result即可，Result是泛型，可以自定义各种类型的返回值。
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