Java泛型

作用

（1）数据安全
（2）防止类型转换时出错
例：list.add(默认是Object)
如果加了Double泛型，则自动变成list.add(Double),返回值类似，会直接返回double类型的数据，简言之，以Double泛型为例，如果不加泛型，则默认操作是Object类型，如果加了Double泛型，则默认操作是Double类型。

package lambda;

import java.util.*;

public class demo04 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("abc");
        String s = list.get(0);
        System.out.println(s);


        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add("abc");


        Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("s01",2);
        map.put("s02",3);
        map.put("s03",1);

        Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entries = map.entrySet();
        for(Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry :entries){
            System.out.println(entry.getKey());
            System.out.println(entry.getValue());
        }

        System.out.println("迭代器.....");

        //取key
        Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
        //遍历key
        Iterator<String> iterator = keys.iterator();

        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            String key = iterator.next();
            Integer value = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(key + "---" + value);
        }


    }
}

再做一个练习，根据人的名字查找全部信息
先写一个Person类

package lambda;

public class Person {

    private  String name;
    private  int age;
    private  String city;

//添加get、set方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

//添加构造器
    public Person(String name, int age, String city) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.city = city;
    }

//重写toString方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", city='" + city + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

代码实现：

package lambda;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class demo05 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Map <String , Person> map = new HashMap <> ();

        Person p1 = new Person("zs",21,"西安");
        Person p2 = new Person("ls",22,"上海");
        Person p3 = new Person("ww",23,"北京");
        Person p4 = new Person("zl",24,"九江");
        Person p5 = new Person("sq",25,"瑞金");

        //key：名字  value：人
        map.put("zs",p1);
        map.put("ls",p2);
        map.put("ww",p3);
        map.put("zl",p4);
        map.put("sq",p5);

        System.out.println("请输入人的名字：");
        Scanner in =  new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = in.next();

        Person person = map.get(name);
        System.out.println(person);//如果不是null，在打印时会调用toString；如果是null，则不调用。
        System.out.println(person.toString());

        //底层实现：
//        Set <String> names = map.keySet();
//        //在names中查找name
//        for(String n : names){
//
//            if(n.equals(name)){
//                Person person = map.get(n);
//                System.out.println(person);
//                System.out.println(person.toString());
//            }
//        }
    }
}