C++虚函数与多态性（3）例题

（1）编写一个程序计算正方体、球体和圆柱体的表面积和体积。
定义一个抽象类Shape，在此基础上派生出正方体类、球体类和圆柱体类，都有计算对象表面积和体积的函数Area()和计算对象体积的函数Volume ()，在主函数中定义一个Shape指针数组分别指向正方体类、球体类和圆柱体类的对象，并通过Shape类的指针实现对这3个对象的成员函数的调用，输出正方体、球体和圆柱体的表面积和体积。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const double pi=3.14;
class Shape{
    public:
    Shape(){}
    virtual double area()=0;
    virtual double volume()=0;
    };
class Cube:public Shape{
    public:
    Cube(){}
    Cube(double side) {this->side=side;}
    double area(){return 6*side*side;}
    double volume(){return side*side*side;}
    private:
    double side;
    };
class Sphere:public Shape{
    public:
    Sphere(){}
    Sphere(double radius){this->radius=radius;}
    double area(){return 4.0*pi*radius*radius;}
    double volume(){return 4.0*pi*radius*radius*radius/3.0;}
    private:
    double radius;
    };
class Volumn:public Shape{
    public:
    Volumn(){}
    Volumn(double radius,double height){
        this->radius=radius;
        this->height=height;}
    double area(){return 2.0*height*pi*radius+2*pi*radius*radius;}
    double volume(){return height*pi*radius*radius;}
    private:
    double radius;
    double height;
    };
void test1()
{
    Shape *p;
    Cube A(2.0);
    p=&A;
    cout<<"Shape："<<"正方体"<<endl<<" 面积、体积："<<p->area()<<" "<<p->volume()<<endl;
    Sphere B(3.0);
    p=&B;
    cout<<"Shape："<<"球体"<<endl<<" 面积、体积："<<p->area()<<" "<<p->volume()<<endl;
    Volumn C(3.0,2.0);
    p=&C;
    cout<<"Shape："<<"圆柱体"<<endl<<" 面积、体积："<<p->area()<<" "<<p->volume()<<endl;
    }
int main()
{
    test1();
    return 0;
}

某学校对教师工资的计算公式如下：固定工资+课时补贴。教授的固定工资为5000元，每个课时补贴50元；副教授的固定工资为3000元，每个课时补贴30元；讲师的固定工资为2000元，每个课时补贴20元。
要求：
定义教师抽象类，数据成员包括姓名，性别，工号，固定工资，课时数（上课总的时间），总工资；成员函数pay计算总工资，将其定义为虚函数（因计算方法不同），其他成员函数根据需要进行定义。派生出不同职称的教师类（每个类具有相同的数据成员）；不同类的工资计算方法不同（课时工资不同）编写程序求若干教师的工资。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Teacher{
    protected:
    string name;
    string sex;
    string id;
    double basicsalary;
    int coursetime;
    double salary;
    public:
    Teacher(double basicsalary){this->basicsalary=basicsalary;}
    virtual void input()=0;
    virtual void pay()=0;
    virtual ~Teacher(){}
    };
class Jiaoshou:public Teacher{
    public:
    Jiaoshou(double basicsalary=5000):Teacher(basicsalary){}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";
        cin>>name;
        cout<<"性别：";
        cin>>sex;
        cout<<"工号：";
        cin>>id;
        cout<<"课时数：";
        cin>>coursetime;}
    void pay(){
        salary=basicsalary+coursetime*50;
        cout<<"本月工资："<< salary <<endl;}
        };
class Fujiaoshou:public Teacher{
    public:
    Fujiaoshou(double basicsalary=3000):Teacher(basicsalary){}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";
        cin>>name;
        cout<<"性别：";
        cin>>sex;
        cout<<"工号：";
        cin>>id;
        cout<<"课时数：";
        cin>>coursetime;}
    void pay(){
        salary=basicsalary+coursetime*30;
        cout<<"本月工资："<< salary <<endl;}
        };
class Jiangshi:public Teacher{
    public:
    Jiangshi(double basicsalary=2000):Teacher(basicsalary){}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";
        cin>>name;
        cout<<"性别：";
        cin>>sex;
        cout<<"工号：";
        cin>>id;
        cout<<"课时数：";
        cin>>coursetime;}
    void pay(){
        salary=basicsalary+coursetime*20;
        cout<<"本月工资："<< salary <<endl;}
        };
void test1()
{
    Teacher *p;
    Jiaoshou A; p=&A; p->input(); p->pay();
    Fujiaoshou B; p=&B; p->input(); p->pay();
    Jiangshi C; p=&C; p->input(); p->pay();
    }
int main()
{
    test1();
    return 0;
}

1. 某公司主要有四类人员：
   经理、兼职技术员、兼职销售员，销售经理。
   这些人员具有职工编号、姓名、年龄、性别、级别、月工资
   兼职技术人员按照每小时100元领取月工资
   兼职销售人员按照销售额的4%领取月工资
   经理领取8000元的固定工资
   销售经理既拿固定月薪，也领取销售提成；固定月薪为5000，销售提成为当月销售总额的千分之5
2. 程序要具有对所有人提升级别功能（经理为4级，兼职销售为1级，其他人员为3级）人员编号基数为1000。每输入一个人员信息，编号顺序加1。
   类层次结构下：
   设计基类：
   职工类employee
   数据成员：职工编号、姓名、年龄、性别、级别，月工资
   静态数据成员total(记录人员编号的最大值，新员工的编号在此基础上增1)
   成员函数：
   带参的构造函数（输入除工资外的基本信息。设置级别的默认值为1）
   设置成员函数change_level(int),用来调整级别，定义纯虚函数pay()，用于计算月工资。派生出：
   兼职技术员类technician
   经理类manager
   兼职销售员类salesman
   利用经理类和销售员类派生出销售经理类

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Employee{
    protected:
    int age,level;
    double salary;
    int long id;
    string name,sex;
    static int total;
    public:
    Employee(){}
    Employee(int long id,string name,int age,string sex,int level=1){
        this->id=id;
        this->name=name;
        this->age=age;
        this->sex=sex;
        this->level=level;}
    void change_level(int newlevel){
        level=newlevel;
        cout<<"当前等级："<<level<<" "<<"升级后："<<newlevel;}
    virtual void setid()=0;
    virtual void input()=0;
    virtual void pay()=0;
    virtual ~Employee(){}
    };
int Employee::total=1000;
class Technician:virtual public Employee{
    private:
    int workhours;
    public:
    Technician(){}
    Technician(int long id,string name,int age,string sex,int level,int workhours):Employee(id,name,age,sex,level){
        this->workhours=workhours;}
    void setid(){ ++total; id=total;}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";cin>>name;
        cout<<"年龄：";cin>>age;
        cout<<"性别：";cin>>sex;
        cout<<"级别：";cin>>level;
        cout<<"工作时长：";cin>>workhours;}
    void pay(){
        cout<<"职工编号："<<id<<" "<<"姓名："<<name<<" "<<"年龄："<<age<<" "<<"性别："<<sex<<" "<<"级别："<<level<<endl;
        cout<<"工作时长："<<workhours<<" ";
        salary=100*workhours;
        cout<<"本月工资："<<salary<<endl;}
        };
class Manager:virtual public Employee{
    protected:
    double bsalary;
    public:
    Manager(){}
    Manager(int long id,string name,int age,string sex,int level,double bsalary):Employee(id,name,age,sex,level){
        this->bsalary=bsalary;}
    void setid(){ ++total; id=total;}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";cin>>name;
        cout<<"年龄：";cin>>age;
        cout<<"性别：";cin>>sex;
        cout<<"级别：";cin>>level;
        cout<<"固定工资：";cin>>bsalary;}
    void pay(){
        cout<<"职工编号："<<id<<" "<<"姓名："<<name<<" "<<"年龄："<<age<<" "<<"性别："<<sex<<" "<<"级别："<<level<<endl;
        salary=bsalary;
        cout<<"本月工资："<<salary<<endl;}
        };
class Saleman:virtual public Employee{
    protected:
    double ssalary;
    public:
    Saleman(){}
    Saleman(int long id,string name,int age,string sex,int level,double ssalary):Employee(id,name,age,sex,level){
        this->ssalary=ssalary;}
    void setid(){ ++total; id=total;}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";cin>>name;
        cout<<"年龄：";cin>>age;
        cout<<"性别：";cin>>sex;
        cout<<"级别：";cin>>level;
        cout<<"销售额：";cin>>ssalary;}
    void pay(){
        cout<<"职工编号："<<id<<" "<<"姓名："<<name<<" "<<"年龄："<<age<<" "<<"性别："<<sex<<" "<<"级别："<<level<<endl;
        salary=0.04*ssalary;
        cout<<"本月工资："<<salary<<endl;}
        };
class Smanager:public Saleman,public Manager{
    public:
    Smanager(){}
    Smanager(int long id,string name,int age,string sex,int level,double bsalary,double ssalary):Saleman(id,name,age,sex,level,ssalary),Manager(id,name,age,sex,level,bsalary){}
    void setid(){ ++total; id=total;}
    void input(){
        cout<<"姓名：";cin>>name;
        cout<<"年龄：";cin>>age;
        cout<<"性别：";cin>>sex;
        cout<<"级别：";cin>>level;
        cout<<"固定工资：";cin>>bsalary;
        cout<<"销售额：";cin>>ssalary;}
    void pay(){
        cout<<"职工编号："<<id<<" "<<"姓名："<<name<<" "<<"年龄："<<age<<" "<<"性别："<<sex<<" "<<"级别："<<level<<endl;
        salary=bsalary+0.005*ssalary;
        cout<<"本月工资："<<salary<<endl;}
        };
void test1()
{
    Employee *p;
    Technician A;
    p=&A; p->setid(); p->input(); p->pay();
    Manager B;
    p=&B; p->setid(); p->input(); p->pay();
    Saleman C;
    p=&C; p->setid(); p->input(); p->pay();
    Smanager D;
    p=&D; p->setid(); p->input(); p->pay();
    }
int main()
{
    test1();
    return 0;
}