JAVA如何解决线程的安全问题

方式一：同步代码块

public class WindowsTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        SaleTicket s1 = new SaleTicket();
//        Thread t1 = new Thread(s1);
//        Thread t2 = new Thread(s1);
//        Thread t3 = new Thread(s1);
//        t1.start();
//        t2.start();
//        t3.start();
        Window w1 = new Window();
        Window w2 = new Window();
        Window w3 = new Window();
        w1.start();
        w2.start();
        w3.start();
    }
}

//runnable
class SaleTicket implements Runnable{
    int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(true)
        {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized(this){
                if(ticket>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ticket);
                    ticket--;
                }
                else {
                    break;
                }
            }

        }
    }

}

//thread
class Window extends Thread{
    static int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(true)
        {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized(Window.class){
                if(ticket>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ticket);
                    ticket--;
                }
                else {
                    break;
                }
            }

        }
    }

}

方式二：同步方法

说明：如果操作共享数据的代码完整的声明在一个方法中，那么我们就可以将此方法声明为同步方法

public class WindowsTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SaleTicket s1 = new SaleTicket();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(s1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(s1);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(s1);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
//        Window1 w1 = new Window1();
//        Window1 w2 = new Window1();
//        Window1 w3 = new Window1();
//        w1.start();
//        w2.start();
//        w3.start();
    }
}

//runnable
class SaleTicket1 implements Runnable{
    int ticket = 100;
    boolean isFlag = true;
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(isFlag)
        {
            show();
        }
    }
    public synchronized void show(){
                if(ticket>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ticket);
                    ticket--;
                }
                else {
                    isFlag = false;
                }

        }

}


//thread
class Window1 extends Thread{
    static int ticket = 100;
    static boolean isFlag = true;
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(isFlag){
            show();
        }

    }

    //仅针对此问题，继承thread解决安全问题最好使用同步代码块
    public static synchronized void show(){//默认同步监视器为this
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if(ticket>0){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ticket);
            ticket--;
        }
        else {
            isFlag = false;
        }
    }

}

synchronized好处：解决了线程的安全问题。

缺点：在操作共享数据时，多线程其实是串行执行的，意味着性能低。