ES6—— 解构赋值
1. 什么是解构赋值
解构赋值
是对赋值运算符的扩展。
解构赋值语法是一种 Javascript
表达式。通过解构赋值, 可以将属性/值从对象/数组中取出,赋值给其他变量。
在解构中,有下面两部分参与:
解构的源
:解构赋值表达式的右边部分。解构的目标
:解构赋值表达式的左边部分。
2. 解构模型
数组模型的解构(Array)
示例一:基本
let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
console.log(c);
示例二:可嵌套
let [a, [[b], c]] = [1, [[2], 3]];
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
console.log(c);
示例三:可忽略
let [a, , b] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
示例四:不完全解构
let [a = 1, b] = []; // a = 1, b = undefined;
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
示例五:剩余运算符
let [a, ...b] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
示例六:字符串等
let [a, b, c, d, e] = 'hello';
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
console.log(c);
console.log(d);
console.log(e);
示例七:解构默认值
当解构模式有匹配结果,且匹配结果是 undefined 时,会触发默认值作为返回结果。
let [a = 2] = [undefined];
console.log(a);
a 与 b 匹配结果为 undefined ,触发默认值:a = 3; b = a =3
let [a = 3, b = a] = []; // a = 3, b = 3
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
a 正常解构赋值,匹配结果:a = 1,b 匹配结果 undefined ,触发默认值:b = a =1
let [a = 3, b = a] = [1]; // a = 1, b = 1
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
a 与 b 正常解构赋值,匹配结果:a = 1,b = 2
let [a = 3, b = a] = [1, 2]; // a = 1, b = 2
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
对象模型的解构(Object)
示例一:基本
let { foo, bar } = { foo: 'aaa', bar: 'bbb' };
console.log(foo);
console.log(bar);
let { baz : foo } = { baz : 'ddd' };
console.log(foo);
示例二:可嵌套可忽略
let obj = {p: ['hello', {y: 'world'}] };
let {p: [x, { y }] } = obj;
// x = 'hello'
// y = 'world'
let obj = {p: ['hello', {y: 'world'}] };
let {p: [x, { }] } = obj;
// x = 'hello'
示例三:不完全解构
let obj = {p: [{y: 'world'}] };
let {p: [{ y }, x ] } = obj;
// x = undefined
// y = 'world'
示例四:剩余运算符
let {a, b, ...rest} = {a: 10, b: 20, c: 30, d: 40};
// a = 10
// b = 20
// rest = {c: 30, d: 40}
示例五:解构默认值
let {a = 10, b = 5} = {a: 3};
// a = 3; b = 5;
let {a: aa = 10, b: bb = 5} = {a: 3};
// aa = 3; bb = 5;