【动手学深度学习】---0x04：多层感知机

【动手学深度学习】—0x04：多层感知机

1）隐藏层

再神经网络中除了输出层和输入层的层
多层感知层的层数为隐藏层加输出层（输入层不涉及计算）
隐藏层中的神经元和输入层中各个输入完全连接，输出层中的神经元和隐藏层中的各个神经元也完全连接，所以多层感知机中的隐藏层和输出层都是全连接层。

2）激活函数

全连接层只是对数据做仿射变换

ReLU函数

sigmoid函数

tanh函数

tanh（双曲正切）函数可以将元素的值变换到-1和1之间：

3)多层感知机从零实现

import torch
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l

# 读取数据
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size)

# 定义模型参数
# Fashion-MNIST数据集中图像形状为 28×28 = 784
num_inputs, num_outputs, num_hiddens = 784, 10, 256

W1 = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_inputs, num_hiddens)), dtype=torch.float)
b1 = torch.zeros(num_hiddens, dtype=torch.float)
W2 = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_hiddens, num_outputs)), dtype=torch.float)
b2 = torch.zeros(num_outputs, dtype=torch.float)

params = [W1, b1, W2, b2]
for param in params:
    param.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)

# 定义激活函数
def relu(X):
    return torch.max(input=X, other=torch.tensor(0.0))

# 定义模型
def net(X):
    X = X.view((-1, num_inputs))
    H = relu(torch.matmul(X, W1) + b1)
    return torch.matmul(H, W2) + b2

# 定义损失函数
loss = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 训练模型
num_epochs, lr = 5, 100.0
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, params, lr)

4）多层感知机的简洁实现

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("..") 
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l

# 定义模型
num_inputs, num_outputs, num_hiddens = 784, 10, 256

net = nn.Sequential(
        d2l.FlattenLayer(),
        nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_hiddens),
        nn.ReLU(),
        nn.Linear(num_hiddens, num_outputs), 
        )

for params in net.parameters():
    init.normal_(params, mean=0, std=0.01)

# 读取数据并训练模型
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size)
loss = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.5)

num_epochs = 5
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)

参考资料

https://tangshusen.me/Dive-into-DL-PyTorch/#/chapter03_DL-basics/3.10_mlp-pytorch