2021-10-11

Java零基础学习03（有C语言基础）

本章主要熟练else-if选择语句。

/*课后习题p98 3.4 随机月份：编写一个随机产生1和12之间的整数程序，并且根据数字，输出对应的月份：January，February...*/
/*此题主要switch的使用，switch小括号之后要大括号才开始case。
* 并且一定要记得在case后加上break；否则就可能会发生穿透，出现不理想的结果，像图1那样*/

public class Java_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int number=(int)(Math.random()*(12-1+1)+1);/*random()产生【0,1】之间的随机浮点数，要变成整数要强制转换。random返回指定范围[m,n]的公式：Math.random()*(n-m+1)+m */
        System.out.println(number);
        switch (number){
            case 1: System.out.println("January");break;
            case 2: System.out.println("February");break;
            case 3: System.out.println("March");break;
            case 4: System.out.println("Forth");break;
            case 5: System.out.println("May");break;
            case 6: System.out.println("June");break;
            case 7: System.out.println("July");break;
            case 8: System.out.println("August");break;
            case 9: System.out.println("September");break;
            case 10: System.out.println("October");break;
            case 11: System.out.println(" November ");break;
            case 12: System.out.println("December");break;
            default:System.out.println("无效值，程序设计可能出错，请检查！");
        }


    }
}

​ 图1

/*课后习题p98 3.5给出将来的日期*/
/*此题主要是了解计算星期公式，并且熟练使用switch选择*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Java_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter today's day: ");
        int todaynumber=input.nextInt();
        String str1;
        switch (todaynumber){
            case 0: str1="Sunday";break;
            case 1: str1="Monday";break;
            case 2: str1="Tuesday";break;
            case 3: str1="Wednesday";break;
            case 4: str1="Thursday";break;
            case 5: str1="Friday";break;
            case 6: str1="Saturday";break;

            default:str1="无效值，程序设计可能出错，请检查！";
        }
        System.out.print("Enter the number of days elapsed since today: ");
        int elsedaynumber=input.nextInt();

        int number=(todaynumber+elsedaynumber)%7;/*计算星期的公式*/

        String str2;
        switch (number){
            case 0: str2="Sunday";break;
            case 1: str2="Monday";break;
            case 2: str2="Tuesday";break;
            case 3: str2="Wednesday";break;
            case 4: str2="Thursday";break;
            case 5: str2="Friday";break;
            case 6: str2="Saturday";break;

            default:str2="无效值，程序设计可能出错，请检查！";
        }
        System.out.println("Today is "+str1+"and the future day is "+str2);

    }
}

/*课后习题p99 3.11给出某月份的天数*/

/*1、此题主要是了解闰年判断条件，两个条件缺一不可。1、能被 4 整除而不能被 100 整除。 2、能被 400 整除*/
/*2、注意整型变量和字符变量定义时，都要赋予初值，否则，后面输出会报错！！！奇奇怪怪*/
/*3、switch中的case可以按照需求排序，不一定要按照升序排。*/
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Java_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter the number of years: ");
        int year = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter the number of months: ");
        int months = input.nextInt();
        int day=0;
        String str="str";/*整型变量和字符变量定义时，都要赋予初值，否则，后面输出会报错！！！奇奇怪怪*/
        switch (months) {
            case 1:
                str = "January";
                break;
            case 2:
                str = "February";
                break;
            case 3:
                str = "March";
                break;
            case 4:
                str = "Forth";
                break;
            case 5:
                str = "May";
                break;
            case 6:
                str = "June";
                break;
            case 7:
                str = "July";
                break;
            case 8:
                str = "August";
                break;
            case 9:
                str = "September";
                break;
            case 10:
                str = "October";
                break;
            case 11:
                str = "November";
                break;
            case 12:
                str = "December";
                break;
        }
/*以上的case是按升序排，一般没有特殊情况也是按照顺序排，这样不容易漏*/
        if(months!=2){
             switch (months) {
                 case 1:
                 case 3:
                 case 5:
                 case 7:
                 case 8:
                 case 10:
                 case 12:day=31;break;

                 case 4:
                 case 6:
                 case 9:
                 case 11:day=30;break;
              /*以上的case是按照需求排序，没有出错，可以这样用。但是用得少*/
        }
}
        else {
            if(year%4==0&&year%100!=0||year%400==0)
                {day=29;}/* 闰年判断条件：1。能被 4 整除而不能被 100 整除。 2。能被 400 整除*/
            else
                {day=28;}
        }
        System.out.println(str+" "+year+" has "+day+"days");
    }

}

/*课后习题p100 3.21 科学星期几*/
/*这题不用看太多，题目公式说的很清楚，主要是练else-if*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Java_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter years: ");
        int year = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter months: ");
        int months = input.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter the day of the month: ");
        int day = input.nextInt();
        if (months==1){
            months=13;
            year=year-1;
        } else if (months==2) {
            months=14;
            year=year-1;
        }/*公式里1、2月特殊，题目有说明*/
        int weeks=0;
        weeks=(day+(26*(months+1))/10+year%100+(year%100)/4+(year/100)/4+5*(year/100))%7;
        String str2="str";/*整型变量和字符变量定义时，都要赋予初值，否则，后面输出会报错！！！奇奇怪怪*/
        switch (weeks){
            case 1: str2="Sunday";break;
            case 2: str2="Monday";break;
            case 3: str2="Tuesday";break;
            case 4: str2="Wednesday";break;
            case 5: str2="Thursday";break;
            case 6: str2="Friday";break;
            case 0: str2="Saturday";break;

            default:str2="无效值，程序设计可能出错，请检查！";
        }
        
        System.out.println("Day of the week is "+str2);
    }

}

*课后习题p105 3.33 科学星期几*/
/*此题目的在熟练使用if-else，并且使用Math.min()函数找两个数中的最小值*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Java_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter weight and price for package 1: ");
        double w1=input.nextDouble();
        double p1=input.nextDouble();
        double x=p1/w1;
        System.out.print("Enter weight and price for package 2: ");
        double w2=input.nextDouble();
        double p2=input.nextDouble();
        double y=p2/w2;
        if(x==y){
            System.out.println("Two packages have the same price");
        }
        else {
            double result=Math.min(x,y);/*java中Math.min()比较最小值的方法*/
                if (result==x)
                    System.out.println("Packages 1 have a better price");
                else {
                    System.out.println("Packages 2 have a better price");
                }
        }

    }

}