C++入门_8结构体

结构体

自定义的数据类型，可存储不同的数据类型。

1、结构体定义和使用

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>

struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};

int main()
{
	//第一种
	struct student s1;
	s1.name = "张同学";
	s1.age = 34;
	s1.score = 80;
	cout << "姓名：" << s1.name << "" << s1.age << "" << s1.score << endl;
	//第二种
	struct student s2 = {"二涛",32,85};
	cout << "姓名：" << s2.name << "" << s2.age << "" << s2.score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2、结构体数组

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>

struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};

int main()
{

	struct student stuary[3] =
	{
		{"小明",20,80},
		{"小亮",20,85},
		{"小华",20,89},
	};
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		cout << "name = " << stuary[i].name << endl;
		cout << "age =" << stuary[i].age << endl;
		cout << "score =" << stuary[i].score << endl;
	}


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3、结构体指针

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>

struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};

int main()
{

	struct student stuary[3] =
	{
		{"小明",20,80},
		{"小亮",20,85},
		{"小华",20,89},
	};

	struct student* p = &stuary[0];
	cout << "name=" << p->name << "age=" << p->age << "score=" << p->score << endl;



	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4、结构体做函数参数

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>
struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};
void print_sty(struct student s)
{
	cout << "值传递 s.name=" << s.name << "s.age=" << s.age << "s.score=" << s.score << endl;
}

void print_sty_2(struct student *p)
{
	cout << "地址传递s.name=" << p->name << "s.age=" << p->age << "s.score=" << p->score << endl;
}
int main()
{
	struct student stuary[3] =
	{
		{"小明",20,80},
		{"小亮",20,85},
		{"小华",20,89},
	};

	// 1、值传递
	print_sty(stuary[0]);
	// 2、地址传递
	struct student *p = &stuary[0];
	print_sty_2(p);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5、结构体嵌套结构体

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>

struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};
struct teacher
{
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student student1;
};


int main()
{



	struct student stuary[3] =
	{
		{"小明",20,80},
		{"小亮",20,85},
		{"小华",20,89},
	};

	struct student* p = &stuary[0];
	//cout << "name=" << p->name << "age=" << p->age << "score=" << p->score << endl;


	teacher t = { 100,"老徐",50,stuary[1] };
	cout << "id=" << t.id << "name=" << t.name << "age=" << t.age
		<< "t.student1.name=" << t.student1.name << "t.student1.age=" << t.student1.age << "t.student1.score=" << t.student1.score <<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6、结构体中const使用场景

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>
struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//年龄
	int age;
	//分数
	int score;
};
void printstu(const student *p)
{
	// 加 const 禁止修改，防止误操作
	cout << "name=" << p->name << "age=" << p->age << "score=" << p->score << endl;
}
int main()
{
	struct student stuary[3] =
	{
		{"小明",20,80},
		{"小亮",20,85},
		{"小华",20,89},
	};
	printstu(&stuary[0]);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结构体案例

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"
using namespace std;
#define week 7
#include <string>

struct student
{
	//名字
	string name;
	//分数
	int score;
};
struct teacher
{
	string name;
	struct student stu[5];
};

void allinfo(struct teacher t[], int len)
{
	string nameseed = "ABCDEF";
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		t[i].name = "teacher";
		t[i].name += nameseed[i];
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			t[i].stu[j].name = "stdent_";
			t[i].stu[j].name += nameseed[i];
			int random = rand() % 60+40;
			t[i].stu[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}
void printinfo(struct teacher t[], int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << "name=" << t[i].name;
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << "学生name=" << t[i].stu[j].name;
			cout << "学生score=" << t[i].stu[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	struct teacher teacherary[3];
	allinfo(teacherary, 3);
	printinfo(teacherary, 3);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}